Pesticidal compositions and processes related thereto

ABSTRACT

This document discloses molecules having the following formula (Formula One) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and processes related thereto.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/158,274, which was filed on Jan. 17, 2014, which is a divisional ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/285,471, now U.S. Pat. No.8,680,121, which was filed on Oct. 31, 2011, which claims the benefitof, and priority from, U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No.61/409,379, which was filed Nov. 3, 2010, the entire disclosures ofthese applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THIS DISCLOSURE

This disclosure is related to the field of processes to producemolecules that are useful as pesticides (e.g., acaricides, insecticides,molluscicides, and nematicides), such molecules, and processes of usingsuch molecules to control pests.

BACKGROUND

Pests cause millions of human deaths around the world each year.Furthermore, there are more than ten thousand species of pests thatcause losses in agriculture. The world-wide agricultural losses amountto billions of U.S. dollars each year.

Termites cause damage to all kinds of private and public structures. Theworld-wide termite damage losses amount to billions of U.S. dollars eachyear.

Stored food pests eat and adulterate stored food. The world-wide storedfood losses amount to billions of U.S. dollars each year, but moreimportantly, deprive people of needed food.

There is an acute need for new pesticides. Certain pests are developingresistance to pesticides in current use. Hundreds of pest species areresistant to one or more pesticides. The development of resistance tosome of the older pesticides, such as DDT, the carbamates, and theorganophosphates, is well known. But resistance has even developed tosome of the newer pesticides.

Therefore, for many reasons, including the above reasons, a need existsfor new pesticides.

DEFINITIONS

The examples given in the definitions are generally non-exhaustive andmust not be construed as limiting the invention disclosed in thisdocument. It is understood that a substituent should comply withchemical bonding rules and steric compatibility constraints in relationto the particular molecule to which it is attached.

“Alkenyl” means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbondouble bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbonand hydrogen, for example, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

“Alkenyloxy” means an alkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygensingle bond, for example, allyloxy, butenyloxy, pentenyloxy, hexenyloxy.

“Alkoxy” means an alkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen singlebond, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy,isobutoxy, and tert-butoxy.

“Alkyl” means an acyclic, saturated, branched or unbranched, substituentconsisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, methyl, ethyl, (C₃)alkylwhich represents n-propyl and isopropyl), (C₄)alkyl which representsn-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.

“Alkynyl” means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbontriple bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbonand hydrogen, for example, ethynyl, propargyl, butynyl, and pentynyl.

“Alkynyloxy” means an alkynyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygensingle bond, for example, pentynyloxy, hexynyloxy, heptynyloxy, andoctynyloxy.

“Aryl” means a cyclic, aromatic substituent consisting of hydrogen andcarbon, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.

“(C_(x)-C_(y))” where the subscripts “x” and “y” are integers such as 1,2, or 3, means the range of carbon atoms for a substituent—for example,(C₁-C₄)alkyl means methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl, each individually.

“Cycloalkenyl” means a monocyclic or polycyclic, unsaturated (at leastone carbon-carbon double bond) substituent consisting of carbon andhydrogen, for example, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl,norbornenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl,hexahydronaphthyl, and octahydronaphthyl.

“Cycloalkenyloxy” means a cycloalkenyl further consisting of acarbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclobutenyloxy,cyclopentenyloxy, norbornenyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyloxy.

“Cycloalkyl” means a monocyclic or polycyclic, saturated substituentconsisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, norbornyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and decahydronaphthyl.

“Cycloalkoxy” means a cycloalkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygensingle bond, for example, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy,norbornyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxy.

“Halo” means fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.

“Haloalkoxy” means an alkoxy further consisting of, from one to themaximum possible number of identical or different, halos, for example,fluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, chloromethoxy,trichloromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, and pentafluoroethoxy.

“Haloalkyl” means an alkyl further consisting of, from one to themaximum possible number of, identical or different, halos, for example,fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, chloromethyl,trichloromethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl.

“Heterocyclyl” means a cyclic substituent that may be fully saturated,partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated, where the cyclic structurecontains at least one carbon and at least one heteroatom, where saidheteroatom is nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. In the case of sulfur, thatatom can be in other oxidation states such as a sulfoxide and sulfone.Examples of aromatic heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to,benzofuranyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl,benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl,indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl,oxadiazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolinyl,pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl,quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl,triazinyl, and triazolyl. Examples of fully saturated heterocyclylsinclude, but are not limited to, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl,pyrrolidinyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl andtetrahydropyranyl. Examples of partially unsaturated heterocyclylsinclude, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl,4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl,and 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazolyl. Additional examples include thefollowing

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“FormulaOne”):

wherein

(a) X is N or CR8;

(b) R1 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9,C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9,S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9,

-   -   wherein each said R1, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, (each of        which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted        with R9);    -   (c) R2 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted        C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl,        substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or        unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted        C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl,        substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9,        C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9,        S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9,    -   wherein each said R2, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, (each of        which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted        with R9);

(d) R3 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9,C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9,S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9,

-   -   wherein each said R3, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, (each of        which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted        with R9);

(e) R4 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9,C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9,S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9,

-   -   wherein each said R4, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, (each of        which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted        with R9);

(f) R5 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy,substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9,C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, R9S(O)_(n)R9,C₁-C₆ alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (wherein the alkyl and aryl can independently besubstituted or unsubstituted), C(═X2)R9, C(═X1)X2R9, R9X2C(═X1)R9,R9X2R9, C(═O)(C₁-C₆ alkyl)S(O)_(n)(C₁-C₆ alkyl), C(═O)(C₁-C₆alkyl)C(═O)O(C₁-C₆ alkyl), (C₁-C₆ alkyl)OC(═O)(C₆-C₂₀ aryl), (C₁-C₆alkyl)OC(═O)(C₁-C₆ alkyl), C₁-C₆ alkyl-(C₃-C₁₀ cyclohaloalkyl), or(C₁-C₆ alkenyl)C(═O)O(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or R9X2C(═X1)X2R9;

-   -   wherein each said R5, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, R9 aryl        (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be        substituted with R9)    -   optionally R5 and R7 can be connected in a cyclic arrangement,        where optionally such arrangement can have one or more        heteroatoms selected from O, S, or, N, in the cyclic structure        connecting R5 and R7;

(g) R6 is O, S, NR9, or NOR9;

(h) R7 is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy,substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, OR9S(O)_(n)R9, C(═X1)R9,C(═X1)OR9, R9C(═X1)OR9, R9X2C(═X1)R9X2R9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)(R9S(O)_(n)R9), N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, R9S(O)_(n)R9,C₁-C₆alkylOC(═O)C₁-C₆alkyl, OC₁-C₆ alkyl C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,C₁-C₆alkylC₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆, alkylS(═N—CN)(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylS(O)(═N—CN)(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylS(O)_(n)(C₁-C₆alkylC₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl),C₁-C₆alkylS(O)(═N—CN)(C₁-C₆ alkyl-C₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl),C₁-C₆alkylNH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆ alkyl), C₁-C₆ alkylC(═O)OC₁-C₆ alkyl,C₁-C₆alkyl(C₆-C₂₀aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl), C₁-C₆alkyl(S—C₁-C₆alkyl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkyl(S—C₁-C₆alkyl-C₆-C₂₀aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl), C₁-C₆alkyl(NHC(═O)OC₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀ aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkyl(OC₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl), C₁-C₆alkylNH(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₆-C₂₀arylSC₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkyl-N(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)C₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀aryl), C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆ alkyl)(S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆ alkyl), C₁-C₆ alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆ alkenylC₆-C₂₀ aryl), C₁-C₆ alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl), C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀aryl), NH(C₁-C₆ alkylS(O)_(n)C₁-C₆alkyl), NH(C₁-C₆alkylS(O)_(n)C₆-C₂₀ aryl), C₁-C₆alkyl(S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)C₁-C₆alkylS(O)_(n)(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or R9S(O)_(n)(NZ)R9,

-   -   wherein each said R7, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, (each of        which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted        with R9), C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, ═X2, N(R9)₂,        S(═X2)_(n)R9, R9S(O)_(n)R9, S(O)_(n)N(R9)₂;

(i) R8 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9,C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9,S(O)_(n)R9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9,

-   -   wherein each said R8, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, (each of        which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted        with R9);

(j) R9 (each independently) is H, CN, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆ alkyl, N(C₁-C₆alkyl)₂,

-   -   wherein each said R9, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OC₁-C₆ alkyl, OC₁-C₆ haloalkyl, S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆alkyl,        S(O)_(n)OC₁-C₆ alkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl;

(k) R10 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9,

-   -   wherein each said R10, which is substituted, has one or more        substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,        C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆        haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀        cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl,        OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or C₆-C₂₀ aryl, (each of which that can be        substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9);

(l) n is (each independently) 0, 1, or 2;

(m) X1 is (each independently) O or S;

(n) X2 is (each independently) O, S, ═NR9, or ═NOR9; and

(o) Z is CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl(R9), C(═X1)N(R9)₂.

Formula One and its subparts (a) through (o) are hereafter referred toas “Embodiment A1”.

In another embodiment of this molecule X is CR8.

In another embodiment of this molecule R1 is H.

In another embodiment of this molecule R2 is H.

In another embodiment of this molecule R3 is H.

In another embodiment of this molecule R4 is halo or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R4 is F, Cl, or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂ alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R4 is Cl, or CH₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule R5 is H, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R5 is a substituted C₁-C₆ alkylthat is substituted with a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R5 is H, CH₃, CH₂-cyclopropyl, orCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule R6 is O.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is a substituted C₁-C₆ alkylwherein said substituent is one or more halos.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is a substituted C₁-C₆ alkylwherein said substituent is one or more F or Cl or a combinationthereof.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is a substituted C₁-C₆ alkylwherein said substituent is one or more F.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is CH₂CF₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is an unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is CH(CH₃)₂, CH₃, C(CH₃)₃, orCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is OR9.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is O(unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl).

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is OC(CH₃)₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is R9S(O)_(n)R9.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is (unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl)S(unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl).

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is CH₂CH(CH₃)SCH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₃,CH(CH₃)₂SCH₃, or CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule R8 is H or halo.

In another embodiment of this molecule R8 is H, F, or Cl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R8 is H or F.

In another embodiment of this molecule R9 is an unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R10 is H or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R10 is H or CH₃.

In another embodiment of this molecule n is O.

Combinations of these embodiments are also envisioned.

The molecules of Formula One will generally have a molecular mass ofabout 100 Daltons to about 1200 Daltons. However, it is generallypreferred if the molecular mass is from about 120 Daltons to about 900Daltons, and it is even more generally preferred if the molecular massis from about 140 Daltons to about 600 Daltons.

The following scheme illustrates an approach to generating 2-methylimidazolylamines. In step a of Scheme I, treatment of compounds ofFormula III with ethyl acetimidate hydrochlorides of Formula IV whereinR5 is as defined in Embodiment A1 and R4 is methyl affords thecorresponding acetamidines of Formula V. In step b of Scheme I,α-bromoketones of Formula II, wherein R1, R2, R3, R10, and X are asdefined in Embodiment A1, can be treated with acetamidines of Formula Vin the presence of an organic base, such as triethylamine, in a polarprotic solvent such as ethyl alcohol to furnish N-Boc-aminoimidazoles ofFormula Ia. When R5=H, carbamates of Formula Ia, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4,R10 and X are as defined in Embodiment A1, can be alkylated in thepresence of a base such as sodium hydride and an alkyl halide such asiodomethane in an aprotic polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide toyield compounds of Formula Ib, as shown in step e of Scheme I.Deprotection of carbamic acid tert-butyl esters of Formula Ia can beperformed as in step c of Scheme I with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in apolar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) to yield theaminoimidazoles of Formula VIa, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R10, R5 and Xare as defined in Embodiment A1. In step d of Scheme I, compounds of theFormula VIa can be treated with an acid chloride of Formula VII, whereinR7 is as defined in Embodiment A1, in the presence of both an organicbase, such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and an inorganic base,such as potassium carbonate, in a polar aprotic solvent such as1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) to afford compounds of Formula Ic.

Another approach to generating imidazolylamines is illustrated in SchemeII. Diones of Formula VIII, wherein R1, R2, R3, R10 and X are as definedin Embodiment A1, can be treated with an aldehyde, such as acetaldehyde,a source of ammonia, such as ammonium acetate and a catalyst, such asindium(III)chloride, in a protic solvent, such as methanol to givecompounds of Formula a. Compounds of Formula IX, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4,R10 and X are as defined in Embodiment A1, can be treated with a basesuch as sodium hydride in a solvent such as THF and addition ofoxaziridines of Formula Xa to afford compounds of Formula Id, wherein R5is H.

Another approach to generating imidazolylamines is illustrated in SchemeIII. Substituted 2-aminoimidazoles of Formula XI were prepared accordingto the general procedure found in Li and co-workers, J. Med. Chem.,2010, 53, 2409. Treatment of compounds of Formula XI, wherein R1, R2,R3, R10, and X are as defined in Embodiment A1, under Sandmeyerconditions leads to the formation of compounds of Formula XII, whereinR4 is halogen, as shown in step a of Scheme III. Hydrazones of FormulaXII can be transformed to the corresponding amines of Formula VIb,wherein R5 is H when treated with hydrazine in a polar protic solventsuch as 2-methoxyethanol, as shown in step b.

Another approach to generating imidazolylamines is illustrated in SchemeIV. Imidazoles of Formula XIII, wherein R4 and R10 are as defined inEmbodiment A1 and Q is halogen (for example, bromine), can be treatedwith a base such as sodium hydride in a polar, aprotic solvent such astetrahydrofuran and an aminating reagent such as oxaziridine of FormulaXb to afford compounds of Formula XIVa, as shown in step a of Scheme W.Carbamates of Formula XIVa, can be alkylated in the presence of a basesuch as sodium hydride and an alkyl halide such as iodoethane in a polaraprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide to yield compounds ofFormula XIVb, wherein R5 is alkyl, as shown in step b. Compounds ofFormula XIVb, wherein R4, R5 and R10 are as defined in Embodiment A1,can be allowed to react under Suzuki coupling conditions with a boronicacid of Formula XV, wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined inEmbodiment A1, to provide the heterocycle-coupled imidazole of FormulaIe, as shown in step c. When R4=H, compounds of Formula Ie can behalogenated in the presence of a base such as n-butyllithium in a polaraprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and an electrophilic source ofhalogen such as hexachloroethane to yield 2-haloimidazoles of FormulaIf, wherein R4 is halogen and R1, R2, R3, R5, R10 and X are as definedin Embodiment A1, as shown in step d.

EXAMPLES

The examples are for illustration purposes and are not to be construedas limiting the invention disclosed in this document to only theembodiments disclosed in these examples.

Starting materials, reagents, and solvents that were obtained fromcommercial sources were used without further purification. Anhydroussolvents were purchased as Sure/Seal™ from Aldrich and were used asreceived. Melting points were obtained on a Thomas Hoover Unimeltcapillary melting point apparatus or an OptiMelt Automated Melting PointSystem from Stanford Research Systems and are uncorrected. Molecules aregiven their known names, named according to naming programs within ISISDraw, ChemDraw or ACD Name Pro. If such programs are unable to name amolecule, the molecule is named using conventional naming rules. All NMRare in ppm (6) and were recorded at 300, 400, or 600 MHz unlessotherwise stated.

Example 1 Step 1: Preparation ofN′-(1-Imino-ethyl)-N-methyl-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A solution of tert-butyl 1-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (10.0 g, 68.4mmol), ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride (42.1 g, 342 mmol), and potassiumcarbonate (94.4 g, 684 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) was heated at 105° C. for 5hours. The contents were cooled to 0° C. before the precipitatedmaterial was collected by vacuum filtration and resuspended in H₂O (100mL). After 30 minutes of vigorous stirring, the remaining precipitatewas collected and dried in a 45° C. vacuum oven overnight to yield thetitle compound as a white solid (7.56 g, 59.0%): mp 187-189° C.; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 6.28 (br s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.36(s, 9H).

Example 1 Step 2: Preparation ofMethyl-(2-methyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazol-1-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (Compound 3)

To a solution of N′-(1-imino-ethyl)-N-methyl-hydrazinecaroboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (5.00 g, 26.7 mmol) and triethylamine (9.30 mL, 66.8mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added 2-bromo-1-pyridin-3-yl-ethanonehydrobromide (8.99 g, 32.0 mmol), portionwise. The contents were heatedat 80° C. for 3 hours before the solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was purified via silica gel chromatography(DCM:MeOH, 10:1) to afford the title compound as an orange oil (1.55 g,20.1%): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (dd,J=4.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dt, J=8.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=7.7, 4.8Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H); ESIMSm/z 289 [(M+H)]⁺.

Example 1 Step 3: Preparation ofMethyl-(2-methyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazole-1-yl)-amine

Method A

A solution of methyl-(2-methyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazol-1-yl)-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (1.50 g, 5.20 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.40mL, 5.20 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was stirred under ambient conditions for 3hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residuewas resuspended in DCM (10 mL) before the addition of triethylamine(1.45 mL, 10.4 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes the solvent wasremoved and the residue was purified via silica gel chromatography(DCM:MeOH, 10:1) to afford an inseparable mixture of the title compoundand triethylammonium salts (822 mg). The mixture was used withoutfurther purification in the subsequent reactions.

Method B

A solution of tert-butylmethyl(2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl) carbamate (2.7 g, 9.4mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was treated with HCl in dioxane (4M, 20mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Theprecipitate was filtered off to give the title compound as a brown solid(1.15 g, 54.5%): ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.41-9.32 (m, 1H),8.82-8.56 (m, 3H), 7.97-7.89 (m, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.67 (d, J=3.0 Hz,3H); ESIMS m/z 189 [(M+H)]⁺.

N-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-amine was prepared inaccordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step 3, Method B:¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.76-8.69 (m, 2H), 8.57-8.46(m, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 3.12-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.06 (t, 3H,J=7.2 Hz); ESIMS m/z 203 [(M+H)]⁺.

N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-amine wasprepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step3, Method B: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.26 (s, 1H), 8.74-8.72 (m,1H), 8.67-8.59 (m, 1H), 8.51-8.46 (m, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 2.95 (d, 2H,J=7.2 Hz), 2.66 (s, 3H), 0.93-0.86 (m, 1H), 0.46-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.07-0.06(m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 229 [(M+H)]⁺.

4-(5-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)-N,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-amine was preparedin accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step 3, MethodB: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.47-8.44 (m,2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H); ESIMS m/z 207 [(M+H)]⁺.

N-Ethyl-4-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-amine wasprepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step3, Method B: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H),8.41-8.35 (m, 2H), 3.26 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 1.19 (t, 3H,J=7.2 Hz); ESIMS m/z 221 [(M+H)]⁺.

N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-aminewas prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1,Step 3, Method B: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.965 (s, 1H), 8.746 (s,1H), 8.39-8.30 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 1.08-0.95 (m,1H), 0.56-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.19-0.15 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 247 [(M+H)]⁺.

Example 1 Step 4: Preparation ofN-Methyl-N-(2-methyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazol-1-yl)-3-methylsulfanyl-butramide(Compound 2)

A solution of methyl-(2-methyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazole-1-yl)-amine (400mg, 2.13 mmol), 3-methylsulfanyl-butyryl chloride (649 mg, 4.25 mmol),DMAP (260 mg, 2.13 mmol), and potassium carbonate (881 mg, 6.38 mmol) inDCE (5 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 6 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the residue was purified via reverse phasechromatography (0 to 100% acetonitrile/water) to furnish the titlecompound as a brown oil (290 mg, 44.8%): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.94(br s, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J=5.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (dt, J=8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H),7.36-7.27 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H),2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.24 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 304[(M+H)]⁺.

Compounds 1, 5-38 were made in accordance with the procedures disclosedin Example 1.

Example 2 Step 1: Preparation of3-(2,5-Dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)pyridine

The compound was prepared following the general procedure found in:Sharma, S. D.; Hazarika, P.; Konwar, D. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49,2216. 1-Pyridin-3-yl-propane-1,2-dione (prepared as described in Knaus,E. E.; Avasthi, K.; Redda, K.; Benderly, A. Can. J. Chem. 1980, 58(2),130; 0.50 g, 3.35 mmol), ammonium acetate (0.517 g, 6.71 mmol) andindium (III) chloride (0.074 g, 0.033 mmol) were weighed into a 50 mLround bottomed flask. Methanol (MeOH, 7 mL) and acetaldehyde (0.148 g,0.190 mL, 3.35 mmol) were added via syringe and the cloudy mixture wasstirred vigorously overnight. Analysis by TLC CH₂Cl₂:MeOH/10:1 indicatedthat some starting material remained. Additional ammonium acetate (0.517g, 6.71 mmol), indium (III) chloride (0.074 g, 0.033 mmol) andacetaldehyde (0.148 g, 0.190 mL, 3.35 mmol) were added and again allowedto stir overnight. The mixture was filtered through paper with MeOH toremove sediment and concentrated to low volume. The residue was purifiedvia flash silica gel chromatography, CH₂Cl₂:MeOH/10:1 to afford a lowRf-spot-compound. The material was dissolved in a minimum amount ofCH₂Cl₂ and treated with sat. NaHCO₃. The resulting precipitate wascollected by filtration and washed with water and CH₂Cl₂ and dried togive 0.105 g of a light yellow powder. The layers of the filtrate wereseparated and the aqueous phase was extracted repeatedly with CH₂Cl₂ andethyl acetate (EtOAc). The combined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated to give an additional 0.06 g of the titlecompound as a yellow orange solid (0.165 g, 28%): mp 179-181° C.; ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85 (bs, 1H), 8.46 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (bs, 1H),7.31 (dd, J=7.7, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 6H); ESIMS m/z 174 [(M+H)]⁺ and172 [(M−H)]⁻.

Example 2 Step 2: Preparation of(2,5-Dimethyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazol-1-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (Compound 4)

3-(2,5-Dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyridine (0.035 g, 0.220 mmol) wasweighed into an oven dried, nitrogen swept 10 mL round bottomed flask.Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 1 mL) was added via syringe and the resultingslurry cooled on an ice bath under nitrogen and treated with sodiumhydride (0.0097 g, 0.242 mmol 60% dispersion in oil) with stirring.After 10 minutes, 3-(4-cyano-phenyl)-oxaziridine-2-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.052 g, 0.212 mmol) was added as a solid and thethick yellow slurry allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 2hours. The crude reaction mixture was loaded directly onto a flashsilica gel column and eluted with CH₂Cl₂:MeOH/10:1 giving(2,5-dimethyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-imidazol-1-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester as a light yellow oil as a 5:1 mixture with its regioisomer (0.027g, 46%): IR (film) 3389, 2978, 2930, 1730, 1478, 1275, 1252, 1156, 1017,951, 711, 573 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO, Major isomer) δ 10.41 (s,1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.28 (m,1H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 289 [(M+H)]⁺and 287 [(M−H)]⁻.

Example 3 Preparation oftert-Butyl(2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-carbamate

To a mixture of ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride (2.0 g, 16.20 mmol) andtriethylamine (3.28 g, 32.4 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) was added asolution of tert-butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (2.14 g, 16.20 mmol) inethanol (10 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirredat room temperature overnight. Then to the mixture was added a solutionof 2-bromo-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethanone hydrobromide (5.0 g, 17.9 mmol) andtriethylamine (4.9 g, 48.6 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours then heated toreflux overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was purified via silica gel chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol, 10:1) to give the title compound as an orange oil (0.76 g,17.3%): ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.45 (d, 1H, J=6.3 Hz),8.43 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=6.3 Hz), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H),1.51 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 275 [(M+H)]⁺.

Example 4 Preparation of tert-Butylmethyl(2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl) carbamate (Compound3) (Another Way of Making Compound 3)

To a solution of tert-butyl2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-ylcarbamate (2.0 g, 7.3 mmol) indry DMF (15 mL) at 0° C. was added sodium hydride (0.35 g, 8.7 mmol, 60%dispersion in oil). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes andthen methyl iodide (1.55 g, 10.9 mmol) was added portionwise. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hours before it was warmedto ambient temperature. The reaction was extracted with ethyl acetate(15 mL×2). The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the titlecompound (1.18 g, 56.2%) as an orange oil, which was used in the nextstep without further purification: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.96 (s,1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H),2.35 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 289 [(M+H)]⁺.

tert-Butyl ethyl(2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamatewas prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4:¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.48-8.46 (m, 1H), 8.09-8.05 (m,1H), 7.31-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 3.86-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H),1.44 (s, 9H), 1.21 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 303 [(M+H)]⁺.

tert-Butyl(cyclopropylmethyl)(2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamatewas prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4:¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.48-8.46 (m, 1H), 8.10-8.06 (m,1H), 7.31-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.59-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H),1.44 (s, 9H), 1.05-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.56-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.15 (m, 2H);ESIMS m/z 329 [(M+H)]⁺.

tert-Butyl(4-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(methyl)carbamatewas prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4:¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H),7.83-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s,9H); ESIMS m/z 307 [(M+H)]⁺.

tert-Butylethyl(4-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamate wasprepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4: ¹HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.32-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m,1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.21(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 321 [(M+H)]⁺.

tert-Butyl(cyclopropylmethyl)(4-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamatewas prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4:¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.7s (s, 1H), 8.30-8.29 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.80 (m,1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 3.57-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H),1.02-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.55-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.21-0.17 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 347[(M+H)]⁺.

Example 5 Step 1: Preparation ofE-2-Chloro-N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-amine

To a solution of(E)-N¹-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-1,2-diamine(5.3 g, 18 mmol) and CuCl (1.79 g, 18 mmol) in acetonitrile (100 mL) wasadded isopentyl nitrite (3.15 g, 27 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and then heated to 70° C.for 3 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuum, the residue was purifiedby column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to givethe title compound (258 mg, 4%) as a white solid: ¹H NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.55-8.54 (m, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.13 (m,1H), 7.86-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 1H); ESIMSm/z 317 [(M+H)]⁺.

Example 5 Step 2: Preparation of2-Chloro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-amine

To a solution ofE-2-Chloro-N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-amine(210 mg, 0.66 mmol) in 2-methoxyethanol (5 mL) was added 80% hydrazinehydrate (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 130° C. for 1 hourand then the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purifiedby column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=1:1) to givethe title compound (100 mg, 78%) as a yellow solid: ¹H NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.50-8.49 (m, 1H), 8.06-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.43 (s,1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 4.87 (br, 2H); ESIMS m/z 195 [(M+H)]⁺.

Example 5 Step 3: Preparation ofN-(2-Chloro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide (Compound 39)

To a solution of 2-Chloro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-amine (30 mg,0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (15 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (5mL) was added acetyl chloride (12 mg, 0.15 mmol) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. The solvent was removed invacuum and the residue was purified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether: ethylacetate=1:2) to give the title compound (10 mg, 27%) as a yellow solid:mp 129-131° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.69 (br, 1H), 8.81-8.80 (m,1H), 8.44-8.43 (m, 1H), 8.02-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.33 (br s, 2H), 2.20 (s,3H); ESIMS m/z 237 [(M+H)]⁺.

Example 6 Step 1: Preparation oftert-Butyl(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamate

4-Bromo-1H-imidazole(3.2 g, 21.8 mmol) was weighed into a 500 mL roundbottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar under a nitrogenatmosphere. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 12 mL) was added andthe mixture was placed on ice. After 10 minutes the mixture was treatedwith sodium hydride (0.840 g, 21.0 mmol 60% dispersion in oil). After 5minutes, the ice bath was removed and the reaction warmed to roomtemperature. After 15 minutes of vigorous stirring the ice bath wasre-inserted and 3-(4-cyano-phenyl)-oxaziridine-2-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.92 g, 7.80 mmol) was added. The reaction wasvigorously stirred for 5 minutes and the ice bath was removed. After 5minutes the mixture was diluted with saturated sodium bicarbonate andextracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were washed with dilutesodium carbonate, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-5%methanol/dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (1.16 g, 4.43mmol, 57%) as a yellow oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.22 (s, 1H), 7.36(d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 1.48 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 262([M]⁺), 260 ([M−2]⁻).

Example 6 Step 2: Preparation oftert-Butyl(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(ethyl)carbamate

tert-Butyl(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamate (1.16 g, 4.43 mmol) wasdissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 12 mL) and treated with sodiumhydride (0.310 g, 7.75 mmol, 60% dispersion in oil). After 45 minutes,the mixture was cooled on an ice bath and was treated with iodoethane(0.828 g, 5.31 mmol). The ice bath was removed after five minutes ofstirring and the reaction was stirred for an additional 90 minutes. Thereaction mixture was diluted with aqueous potassium carbonate (50 mL, 5%w/w) and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics werewashed with 5% aqueous potassium carbonate and brine and dried oversodium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue waspurified using silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol/dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (1.023 g, 3.53mmol, 80%) as a yellow oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.37 (d, J=1.5 Hz,1H), 6.93 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.16(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 290 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 6 Step 3: Preparation of tert-Butylethyl(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamate (Compound 40)

tert-Butyl(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(ethyl)carbamate (253.7 mg, 0.874mmol), pyridin-3-ylboronic acid (113 mg, 0.918 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (329 mg, 2.39 mmol), water (0.870 mL), absolute ethanol (1.74mL), and toluene (3.50 mL) were placed into a 10 mL round bottomed flaskequipped with condenser and magnetic stirrer. The atmosphere was flushedwith nitrogen and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (30.0 mg, 0.026mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 110° C. and stirred for 16hours. The reaction was cooled, the organic layer set aside, and theaqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. All organics werecombined, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue waspurified using silica gel chromatography (0-25%methanol/dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (81 mg, 0.28mmol, 32%) as a yellow oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 9.00 (d, J=2.5 Hz,1H), 8.46 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61(d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 3.76 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H),1.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 289 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 6 Step 4: Preparation oftert-Butyl(2-chloro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(ethyl)carbamate(Compound 41)

A vacuum dried 25 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirbar and containing tert-butylethyl(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)carbamate (77 mg, 0.267 mmol)was charged with anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 3 mL) and cooled to−78° C. N-butyllithium (0.25 mL 0.675 mmol, 2.5 M in hexanes) was addedand the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Hexachloroethane (189 mg,0.80 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous THF (1 mL) was added dropwise to thereaction mixture while maintaining a temperature of −78° C. Afterstirring for 1 hour, the reaction was allowed to warm to roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was loaded directly on a silica gelcolumn and the THF was removed in a vacuum oven. The crude product waspurified using silica gel chromatography (0-25%methanol/dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (3 mg, 0.009mmol, 3.5%) as a yellow oil: ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 8.50 (dd, J=4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dt, J=7.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H),7.33-7.27 (m, 2H), 3.89 (dq, J=14.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dq, J=14.3, 7.2Hz, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.22 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 152.90, 148.47, 146.02, 136.07, 134.08, 131.81, 128.79, 123.36,117.66, 83.23, 45.32, 28.04, 13.03; ESIMS m/z 323 ([M+H]⁺).

Example A Bioassays on Green Peach Aphid (“GPA”) (Myzus persicae)(Myzupe)

GPA is the most significant aphid pest of peach trees, causing decreasedgrowth, shriveling of the leaves, and the death of various tissues. Itis also hazardous because it acts as a vector for the transport of plantviruses, such as potato virus Y and potato leafroll virus to members ofthe nightshade/potato family Solanaceae, and various mosaic viruses tomany other food crops. GPA attacks such plants as broccoli, burdock,cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, daikon, eggplant, green beans, lettuce,macadamia, papaya, peppers, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, watercress, andzucchini, among other plants. GPA also attacks many ornamental cropssuch as carnation, chrysanthemum, flowering white cabbage, poinsettia,and roses. GPA has developed resistance to many pesticides.

Certain molecules disclosed in this document were tested against GPAusing procedures described in the following example. In the reporting ofthe results, the “Table 3: GPA (MYZUPE) and sweetpotato whitefly-crawler(BEMITA) Rating Table” was used (See Table Section).

Cabbage seedlings grown in 3-inch pots, with 2-3 small (3-5 cm) trueleaves, were used as test substrate. The seedlings were infested with20-50 GPA (wingless adult and nymph stages) one day prior to chemicalapplication. Four pots with individual seedlings were used for eachtreatment. Test compounds (2 mg) were dissolved in 2 mL ofacetone/methanol (1:1) solvent, forming stock solutions of 1000 ppm testcompound. The stock solutions were diluted 5× with 0.025% Tween 20 inH₂O to obtain the solution at 200 ppm test compound. A hand-heldaspirator-type sprayer was used for spraying a solution to both sides ofcabbage leaves until runoff. Reference plants (solvent check) weresprayed with the diluent only containing 20% by volume ofacetone/methanol (1:1) solvent. Treated plants were held in a holdingroom for three days at approximately 25° C. and ambient relativehumidity (RH) prior to grading. Evaluation was conducted by counting thenumber of live aphids per plant under a microscope. Percent Control wasmeasured by using Abbott's correction formula (W. S. Abbott, “A Methodof Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide” J. Econ. Entomol. 18(1925), pp. 265-267) as follows.

Corrected % Control=100*(X−Y)/X

-   -   where    -   X=No. of live aphids on solvent check plants and    -   Y=No. of live aphids on treated plants

The results are indicated in the table entitled “Table 4. BiologicalData for GPA (MYZUPE) and sweetpotato whitefly-crawler (BEMITA)” (SeeTable Section).

Example B Insecticidal Test for Sweetpotato Whitefly-Crawler (Bemisiatabaci) (BEMITA) in Foliar Spray Assay

Cotton plants grown in 3-inch pots, with 1 small (3-5 cm) true leaf,were used as test substrate. The plants were placed in a room withwhitefly adults. Adults were allowed to deposit eggs for 2-3 days. Aftera 2-3 day egg-laying period, plants were taken from the adult whiteflyroom. Adults were blown off leaves using a hand-held Devilbiss sprayer(23 psi). Plants with egg infestation (100-300 eggs per plant) wereplaced in a holding room for 5-6 days at 82° F. and 50% RH for egg hatchand crawler stage to develop. Four cotton plants were used for eachtreatment. Compounds (2 mg) were dissolved in 1 mL of acetone solvent,forming stock solutions of 2000 ppm. The stock solutions were diluted10× with 0.025% Tween 20 in H₂O to obtain a test solution at 200 ppm. Ahand-held Devilbiss sprayer was used for spraying a solution to bothsides of cotton leaf until runoff. Reference plants (solvent check) weresprayed with the diluent only. Treated plants were held in a holdingroom for 8-9 days at approximately 82° F. and 50% RH prior to grading.Evaluation was conducted by counting the number of live nymphs per plantunder a microscope. Insecticidal activity was measured by using Abbott'scorrection formula and presented in “Table 4. Biological Data for GPA(MYZUPE) and sweetpotato whitefly-crawler (BEMITA)” (see column“BEMITA”):

Corrected % Control=100*(X−Y)/X

-   -   where        -   X=No. of live nymphs on solvent check plants        -   Y=No. of live nymphs on treated plants

Pesticidally Acceptable Acid Addition Salts, Salt Derivatives, Solvates,Ester Derivatives, Polymorphs, Isotopes and Radionuclides

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into pesticidally acceptableacid addition salts. By way of a non-limiting example, an amine functioncan form salts with hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric,acetic, benzoic, citric, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, oxalic,succinic, tartaric, lactic, gluconic, ascorbic, maleic, aspartic,benzenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic,hydroxymethanesulfonic, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acids. Additionally,by way of a non-limiting example, an acid function can form saltsincluding those derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals and thosederived from ammonia and amines. Examples of preferred cations includesodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into salt derivatives. By wayof a non-limiting example, a salt derivative can be prepared bycontacting a free base with a sufficient amount of the desired acid toproduce a salt. A free base may be regenerated by treating the salt witha suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodiumhydroxide (NaOH), potassium carbonate, ammonia, and sodium bicarbonate.As an example, in many cases, a pesticide, such as 2,4-D, is made morewater-soluble by converting it to its dimethylamine salt.

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into stable complexes with asolvent, such that the complex remains intact after the non-complexedsolvent is removed. These complexes are often referred to as “solvates.”However, it is particularly desirable to form stable hydrates with wateras the solvent.

Molecules of Formula One may be made into ester derivatives. These esterderivatives can then be applied in the same manner as the inventiondisclosed in this document is applied.

Molecules of Formula One may be made as various crystal polymorphs.Polymorphism is important in the development of agrochemicals sincedifferent crystal polymorphs or structures of the same molecule can havevastly different physical properties and biological performances.

Molecules of Formula One may be made with different isotopes. Ofparticular importance are molecules having ²H (also known as deuterium)in place of ¹H.

Molecules of Formula One may be made with different radionuclides. Ofparticular importance are molecules having ¹⁴C.

Stereoisomers

Molecules of Formula One may exist as one or more stereoisomers. Thus,certain molecules can be produced as racemic mixtures. It will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that one stereoisomer may bemore active than the other stereoisomers. Individual stereoisomers maybe obtained by known selective synthetic procedures, by conventionalsynthetic procedures using resolved starting materials, or byconventional resolution procedures. Certain molecules disclosed in thisdocument can exist as two or more isomers. The various isomers includegeometric isomers, diastereomers, and enantiomers. Thus, the moleculesdisclosed in this document include geometric isomers, racemic mixtures,individual stereoisomers, and optically active mixtures. It will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that one isomer may be moreactive than the others. The structures disclosed in the presentdisclosure are drawn in only one geometric form for clarity, but areintended to represent all geometric forms of the molecule.

Combinations

Molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as, in acompositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) withone or more compounds having acaricidal, algicidal, avicidal,bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal,nematicidal, rodenticidal, or virucidal properties. Additionally, themolecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as, in acompositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) withcompounds that are antifeedants, bird repellents, chemosterilants,herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, mammalrepellents, mating disrupters, plant activators, plant growthregulators, or synergists. Examples of such compounds in the abovegroups that may be used with the Molecules of Formula Oneare—(3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, 1,2-dichloropropane,1,3-dichloropropene, 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-naphthol,2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA,2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6-TBA-potassium,2,3,6-TBA-sodium, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-T-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-T-2-ethylhexyl,2,4,5-T-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4,5-T-butometyl, 2,4,5-T-butotyl,2,4,5-T-butyl, 2,4,5-T-isobutyl, 2,4,5-T-isoctyl, 2,4,5-T-isopropyl,2,4,5-T-methyl, 2,4,5-T-pentyl, 2,4,5-T-sodium,2,4,5-T-triethylammonium, 2,4,5-T-trolamine, 2,4-D,2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl,2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium,2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, 2,4-DB-sodium, 2,4-D-butotyl,2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium,2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-D-ethyl,2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isoctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl,2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4-D-methyl,2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-potassium, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium,2,4-D-tefuryl, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium,2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2iP,2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP,4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPA-potassium, 4-CPA-sodium, 4-CPB, 4-CPP,4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate,8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline, abamectin, abscisic acid, ACC, acephate,acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, acetophos, acetoprole,acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl,acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, acrep, acrinathrin, acrolein,acrylonitrile, acypetacs, acypetacs-copper, acypetacs-zinc, alachlor,alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb, aldimorph, aldoxycarb, aldrin,allethrin, allicin, allidochlor, allosamidin, alloxydim,alloxydim-sodium, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alpha-cypermethrin,alpha-endosulfan, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin,amicarbazone, amicarthiazol, amidithion, amidoflumet, amidosulfuron,aminocarb, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl,aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-potassium,aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, amiprofos-methyl,amiprophos, amisulbrom, amiton, amiton oxalate, amitraz, amitrole,ammonium sulfamate, ammonium α-naphthaleneacetate, amobam, ampropylfos,anabasine, ancymidol, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, anthraquinone,antu, apholate, aramite, arsenous oxide, asomate, aspirin, asulam,asulam-potassium, asulam-sodium, athidathion, atraton, atrazine,aureofungin, aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, azaconazole,azadirachtin, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl,azinphos-methyl, aziprotryne, azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin,azothoate, azoxystrobin, bachmedesh, barban, barium hexafluorosilicate,barium polysulfide, barthrin, BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl,benalaxyl-M, benazolin, benazolin-dimethylammonium, benazolin-ethyl,benazolin-potassium, bencarbazone, benclothiaz, bendiocarb, benfluralin,benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, benoxacor, benoxafos,benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bensultap,bentaluron, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, benthiavalicarb,benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benthiazole, bentranil, benzadox,benzadox-ammonium, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril,benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, benzfendizone, benzipram,benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid,benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzoylprop-ethyl, benzthiazuron, benzylbenzoate, benzyladenine, berberine, berberine chloride, beta-cyfluthrin,beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, bicyclopyrone, bifenazate, bifenox,bifenthrin, bifujunzhi, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, binapacryl,bingqingxiao, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin,bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bisazir, bismerthiazol, bispyribac,bispyribac-sodium, bistrifluron, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen,blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid,brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, brevicomin, brodifacoum,brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromacil, bromacil-lithium,bromacil-sodium, bromadiolone, bromethalin, bromethrin, bromfenvinfos,bromoacetamide, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT,bromofenoxim, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromothalonil,bromoxynil, bromoxynil butyrate, bromoxynil heptanoate, bromoxyniloctanoate, bromoxynil-potassium, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bronopol,bucarpolate, bufencarb, buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundymixture, busulfan, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos,butathiofos, butenachlor, butethrin, buthidazole, buthiobate, buthiuron,butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim, butralin,butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, cacodylic acid, cadusafos,cafenstrole, calcium arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide,calcium polysulfide, calvinphos, cambendichlor, camphechlor, camphor,captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbasulam,carbendazim, carbendazim benzenesulfonate, carbendazim sulfite,carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride,carbophenothion, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxide, carboxin,carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, carpropamid, cartap, cartaphydrochloride, carvacrol, carvone, CDEA, cellocidin, CEPC, ceralure,Cheshunt mixture, chinomethionat, chitosan, chlobenthiazone,chlomethoxyfen, chloralose, chloramben, chloramben-ammonium,chloramben-diolamine, chloramben-methyl, chloramben-methylammonium,chloramben-sodium, chloramine phosphorus, chloramphenicol,chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl, chlorantraniliprole,chlorazifop, chlorazifop-propargyl, chlorazine, chlorbenside,chlorbenzuron, chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane,chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride,chlorempenthrin, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac,chlorfenac-ammonium, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole,chlorfenethol, chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide,chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorfluren,chlorfluren-methyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon,chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormephos, chlormequat, chlormequatchloride, chlomidine, chlornitrofen, chlorobenzilate,chlorodinitronaphthalenes, chloroform, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron,chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chlorophacinone-sodium, chloropicrin,chloropon, chloropropylate, chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron,chloroxynil, chlorphonium, chlorphonium chloride, chlorphoxim,chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos,chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal,chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos,chlozolinate, choline chloride, chromafenozide, cinerin I, cinerin II,cinerins, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, ciobutide,cisanilide, cismethrin, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop,clodinafop-propargyl, cloethocarb, clofencet, clofencet-potassium,clofentezine, clofibric acid, clofop, clofop-isobutyl, clomazone,clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, clopyralid-methyl,clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium,clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, cloquintocet,cloquintocet-mexyl, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, closantel,clothianidin, clotrimazole, cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-sodium, CMA,codlelure, colophonate, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copperarsenate, copper carbonate, basic, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate,copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate,copper zinc chromate, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumaphos, coumatetralyl,coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, CPMC, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol,crimidine, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, crufomate, cryolite, cue-lure,cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, curcumenol, cyanamide,cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate,cyantraniliprole, cyazofamid, cybutryne, cyclafuramid, cyclanilide,cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprate, cycloprothrin,cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyenopyrafen, cyflufenamid,cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalothrin,cyhexatin, cymiazole, cymiazole hydrochloride, cymoxanil, cyometrinil,cypendazole, cypermethrin, cyperquat, cyperquat chloride, cyphenothrin,cyprazine, cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid,cyprosulfamide, cyromazine, cythioate, daimuron, dalapon,dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, daminozide,dayoutong, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, DBCP, d-camphor, DCIP, DCPTA, DDT,debacarb, decafentin, decarbofuran, dehydroacetic acid, delachlor,deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton,demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S,demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, desmedipham, desmetryn,d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron, dialifos, di-allate, diamidafos,diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate,dicamba, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium,dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl,dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba-trolamine,dicapthon, dichlobenil, dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone,dichloralurea, dichlorbenzuron, dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl,dichlormate, dichlormid, dichlorophen, dichlorprop,dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl,dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-ethylammonium,dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P,dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium,dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorvos, dichlozoline,diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclomezine,diclomezine-sodium, dicloran, diclosulam, dicofol, dicoumarol, dicresyl,dicrotophos, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, dienochlor, diethamquat,diethamquat dichloride, diethatyl, diethatyl-ethyl, diethofencarb,dietholate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, diethyltoluamide, difenacoum,difenoconazole, difenopenten, difenopenten-ethyl, difenoxuron,difenzoquat, difenzoquat metilsulfate, difethialone, diflovidazin,diflubenzuron, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium,diflumetorim, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, dilor, dimatif, dimefluthrin,dimefox, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimetachlone, dimetan, dimethacarb,dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin,dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethyl carbate,dimethyl phthalate, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dimexano, dimidazon,dimoxystrobin, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dingjunezuo, diniconazole,diniconazole-M, dinitramine, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6,dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinosebacetate, dinoseb-ammonium, dinoseb-diolamine, dinoseb-sodium,dinoseb-trolamine, dinosulfon, dinotefuran, dinoterb, dinoterb acetate,dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion,diphacinone, diphacinone-sodium, diphenamid, diphenyl sulfone,diphenylamine, dipropalin, dipropetryn, dipyrithione, diquat, diquatdibromide, disparlure, disul, disulfiram, disulfoton, disul-sodium,ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithioether, dithiopyr, diuron,d-limonene, DMPA, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium,dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodemorph benzoate, dodicin, dodicinhydrochloride, dodicin-sodium, dodine, dofenapyn, dominicalure,doramectin, drazoxolon, DSMA, dufulin, EBEP, EBP, ecdysterone,edifenphos, eglinazine, eglinazine-ethyl, emamectin, emamectin benzoate,EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal, endothal-diammonium,endothal-dipotassium, endothal-disodium, endothion, endrin,enestroburin, EPN, epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole,eprinomectin, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, ergocalciferol, erlujixiancaoan,esdépalléthrine, esfenvalerate, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole,etaphos, etem, ethaboxam, ethachlor, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron,ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethaprochlor, ethephon, ethidimuron,ethiofencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole, ethirimol,ethoate-methyl, ethofumesate, ethohexadiol, ethoprophos, ethoxyfen,ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethychlozate, ethylformate, ethyl α-naphthaleneacetate, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylenedibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylicin, ethylmercury2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercurybromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, etinofen,etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos,eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenamiphos,fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole,fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenchlorphos,fenclorim, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan,fenitrothion, fenjuntong, fenobucarb, fenoprop, fenoprop-3-butoxypropyl,fenoprop-butometyl, fenoprop-butotyl, fenoprop-butyl, fenoprop-isoctyl,fenoprop-methyl, fenoprop-potassium, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim,fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P,fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil,fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine,fenpyroximate, fenridazon, fenridazon-potassium, fenridazon-propyl,fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthiaprop-ethyl,fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride,fentin hydroxide, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenuron TCA,fenvalerate, ferbam, ferimzone, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop,flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-M, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl,flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, flocoumafen, flometoquin, flonicamid,florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl,fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazinam, fluazolate, fluazuron,flubendiamide, flubenzimine, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium,flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate,fludioxonil, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet, flufenerim,flufenican, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl,flufiprole, flumethrin, flumetover, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumezin,flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph,fluometuron, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoridamid,fluoroacetamide, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl,fluoroimide, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole,fluoxastrobin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine, flupropanate,flupropanate-sodium, flupyradifurone, flupyrsulfuron,flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluquinconazole,flurazole, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, fluridone,flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl,flurprimidol, flursulamid, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide,fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol,fluvalinate, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim, folpet, fomesafen,fomesafen-sodium, fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde,formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formothion, formparanate,formparanate hydrochloride, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, fosetyl,fosetyl-aluminium, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan,frontalin, fuberidazole, fucaojing, fucaomi, funaihecaoling,fuphenthiourea, furalane, furalaxyl, furamethrin, furametpyr,furathiocarb, furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin,furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox, furophanate, furyloxyfen,gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, genit, gibberellic acid, gibberellins,gliftor, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P,glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyodin, glyoxime,glyphosate, glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-dimethylammonium,glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-monoammonium,glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sesquisodium, glyphosate-trimesium,glyphosine, gossyplure, grandlure, griseofulvin, guazatine, guazatineacetates, halacrinate, halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen,halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxydine, haloxyfop,haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl,haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-sodium, HCH, hemel, hempa, HEOD,heptachlor, heptenophos, heptopargil, heterophos, hexachloroacetone,hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole,hexaflumuron, hexaflurate, hexalure, hexamide, hexazinone, hexylthiofos,hexythiazox, HHDN, holosulf, huancaiwo, huangcaoling, huanjunzuo,hydramethylnon, hydrargaphen, hydrated lime, hydrogen cyanide,hydroprene, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, icaridin, imazalil,imazalil nitrate, imazalil sulfate, imazamethabenz,imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic,imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin,imazaquin-ammonium, imazaquin-methyl, imazaquin-sodium, imazethapyr,imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos,imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate,iminoctadine trialbesilate, imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan,indaziflam, indoxacarb, inezin, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodomethane,iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium,iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate,ioxynil-lithium, ioxynil-sodium, ipazine, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone,iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprymidam, ipsdienol, ipsenol,IPSP, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocarbophos,isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isolan, isomethiozin,isonoruron, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isopropalin, isoprothiolane,isoproturon, isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil, isouron,isovaledione, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl,isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, isoxathion, ivermectin, izopamfos,japonilure, japothrins, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jasmonic acid,jiahuangchongzong, jiajizengxiaolin, jiaxiangjunzhi, jiecaowan,jiecaoxi, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenilehormone III, kadethrin, karbutilate, karetazan, karetazan-potassium,kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride, kejunlin, kelevan, ketospiradox,ketospiradox-potassium, kinetin, kinoprene, kresoxim-methyl, kuicaoxi,lactofen, lambda-cyhalothrin, latilure, lead arsenate, lenacil,lepimectin, leptophos, lindane, lineatin, linuron, lirimfos, litlure,looplure, lufenuron, lvdingjunzhi, lvxiancaolin, lythidathion, MAA,malathion, maleic hydrazide, malonoben, maltodextrin, MAMA, mancopper,mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, matrine, mazidox, MCPA,MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium,MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl,MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-thioethyl,MCPA-trolamine, MCPB, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mebenil,mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl,mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl,mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl,mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-potassium,mecoprop-P-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, medimeform,medinoterb, medinoterb acetate, medlure, mefenacet, mefenpyr,mefenpyr-diethyl, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine,mefluidide-potassium, megatomoic acid, menazon, mepanipyrim,meperfluthrin, mephenate, mephosfolan, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride,mepiquat pentaborate, mepronil, meptyldinocap, mercuric chloride,mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, merphos, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron,mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, metaflumizone,metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, metam, metam-ammonium, metamifop,metamitron, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metazachlor, metazosulfuron,metazoxolon, metconazole, metepa, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron,methacrifos, methalpropalin, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, methazole,methfuroxam, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb,methiopyrisulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin, methiuron, methocrotophos,methometon, methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryne, methoquin-butyl,methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methoxyphenone, methylapholate, methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl iodide, methylisothiocyanate, methylacetophos, methylchloroform, methyldymron,methylene chloride, methylmercury benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide,methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide, methylneodecanamide, metiram,metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, metolachlor, metolcarb,metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone,metribuzin, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mevinphos,mexacarbate, mieshuan, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, milneb, mipafox,mirex, MNAF, moguchun, molinate, molosultap, monalide, monisouron,monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron, monosulfuron,monosulfuron-ester, monuron, monuron TCA, morfamquat, morfamquatdichloride, moroxydine, moroxydine hydrochloride, morphothion, morzid,moxidectin, MSMA, muscalure, myclobutanil, myclozolin,N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, nabam, naftalofos, naled,naphthalene, naphthaleneacetamide, naphthalic anhydride, naphthoxyaceticacids, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, naptalam-sodium, natamycin,neburon, niclosamide, niclosamide-olamine, nicosulfuron, nicotine,nifluridide, nipyraclofen, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin,nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl,norbormide, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron,nuarimol, OCH, octachlorodipropyl ether, octhilinone, ofurace,omethoate, orbencarb, orfralure, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron,oryctalure, orysastrobin, oryzalin, osthol, ostramone, oxabetrinil,oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamate, oxamyl, oxapyrazon,oxapyrazon-dimolamine, oxapyrazon-sodium, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone,oxine-copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate,oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen,oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride,paclobutrazol, paichongding, para-dichlorobenzene, parafluron, paraquat,paraquat dichloride, paraquat dimetilsulfate, parathion,parathion-methyl, parinol, pebulate, pefurazoate, pelargonic acid,penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penflufen, penfluron,penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentmethrin,pentoxazone, perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, phenamacril, phenazineoxide, phenisopham, phenkapton, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl,phenobenzuron, phenothrin, phenproxide, phenthoate, phenylmercuriurea,phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivativeof pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate,phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl,phosglycin, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphocarb,phosphorus, phostin, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide, picloram,picloram-2-ethylhexyl, picloram-isoctyl, picloram-methyl,picloram-olamine, picloram-potassium, picloram-triethylammonium,picloram-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, picolinafen, picoxystrobin,pindone, pindone-sodium, pinoxaden, piperalin, piperonyl butoxide,piperonyl cyclonene, piperophos, piproctanyl, piproctanyl bromide,piprotal, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl,pirimiphos-methyl, plifenate, polycarbamate, polyoxins, polyoxorim,polyoxorim-zinc, polythialan, potassium arsenite, potassium azide,potassium cyanate, potassium gibberellate, potassium naphthenate,potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, potassiumα-naphthaleneacetate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II,precocene III, pretilachlor, primidophos, primisulfuron,primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-manganese,proclonol, procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, profenofos, profluazol,profluralin, profluthrin, profoxydim, proglinazine, proglinazine-ethyl,prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmon, promacyl, promecarb,prometon, prometryn, promurit, propachlor, propamidine, propamidinedihydrochloride, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propanil,propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, proparthrin, propazine,propetamphos, propham, propiconazole, propineb, propisochlor, propoxur,propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyl isome,propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid, prosuler, prosulfalin,prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothiocarbhydrochloride, prothioconazole, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute,proxan, proxan-sodium, prynachlor, pydanon, pymetrozine, pyracarbolid,pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl,pyrafluprole, pyramat, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrasulfotole,pyrazolynate, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl,pyrazothion, pyrazoxyfen, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II,pyrethrins, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribencarb,pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridaben, pyridafol, pyridalyl,pyridaphenthion, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon,pyriftalid, pyrimethanil, pyrimidifen, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl,pyrimisulfan, pyrimitate, pyrinuron, pyriofenone, pyriprole,pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyrolan,pyroquilon, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quassia,quinacetol, quinacetol sulfate, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl,quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, quinoclamine,quinonamid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop,quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl,quizalofop-P-tefuryl, quwenzhi, quyingding, rabenzazole, rafoxanide,rebemide, resmethrin, rhodethanil, rhodojaponin-III, ribavirin,rimsulfuron, rotenone, ryania, saflufenacil, saijunmao, saisentong,salicylanilide, sanguinarine, santonin, schradan, scilliroside,sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sedaxane, selamectin, semiamitraz,semiamitraz chloride, sesamex, sesamolin, sethoxydim, shuangjiaancaolin,siduron, siglure, silafluofen, silatrane, silica gel, silthiofam,simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, sintofen, SMA, S-metolachlor,sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium fluoride, sodiumfluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium naphthenate, sodiumorthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide,sodium thiocyanate, sodium α-naphthaleneacetate, sophamide, spinetoram,spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiroxamine,streptomycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, strychnine, sulcatol,sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone,sulfiram, sulfluramid, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron,sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuric acid,sulfuryl fluoride, sulglycapin, sulprofos, sultropen, swep,tau-fluvalinate, tavron, tazimcarb, TCA, TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium,TCA-ethadyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide,tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron,tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin,tefuryltrione, tembotrione, temephos, tepa, TEPP, tepraloxydim,terallethrin, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton,terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetcyclacis, tetrachloroethane,tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetrafluron, tetramethrin,tetramethylfluthrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetrasul, thallium sulfate,thenylchlor, theta-cypermethrin, thiabendazole, thiacloprid,thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiazafluron, thiazopyr,thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone,thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl,thifluzamide, thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiocyclam,thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiocyclam oxalate, thiodiazole-copper,thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiofluoximate, thiohempa, thiomersal, thiometon,thionazin, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox,thiosemicarbazide, thiosultap, thiosultap-diammonium,thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, thiotepa, thiram,thuringiensin, tiadinil, tiaojiean, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tioxymid,tirpate, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolylfluanid, tolylmercuryacetate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin, tralomethrin,tralopyril, transfluthrin, transpermethrin, tretamine, triacontanol,triadimefon, triadimenol, triafamone, tri-allate, triamiphos,triapenthenol, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron, triazamate,triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazoxide, tribenuron,tribenuron-methyl, tribufos, tributyltin oxide, tricamba, trichlamide,trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, triclopyr,triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium,tricyclazole, tridemorph, tridiphane, trietazine, trifenmorph,trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium,triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron,triflusulfuron-methyl, trifop, trifop-methyl, trifopsime, triforine,trihydroxytriazine, trimedlure, trimethacarb, trimeturon, trinexapac,trinexapac-ethyl, triprene, tripropindan, triptolide, tritac,triticonazole, tritosulfuron, trunc-call, uniconazole, uniconazole-P,urbacide, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, valifenalate, valone,vamidothion, vangard, vaniliprole, vernolate, vinclozolin, warfarin,warfarin-potassium, warfarin-sodium, xiaochongliulin, xinjunan,xiwojunan, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols, xylylcarb, yishijing, zarilamid,zeatin, zengxiaoan, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc naphthenate, zinc phosphide,zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, zolaprofos, zoxamide, zuomihuanglong,α-chlorohydrin, α-ecdysone, α-multistriatin, and α-naphthaleneaceticacid. For more information consult the “COMPENDIUM OF PESTICIDE COMMONNAMES” located at http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.html. Alsoconsult “THE PESTICIDE MANUAL” 14th Edition, edited by C D S Tomlin,copyright 2006 by British Crop Production Council, or its prior or morerecent editions.

Biopesticides

Molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as in acompositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) withone or more biopesticides. The term “biopesticide” is used for microbialbiological pest control agents that are applied in a similar manner tochemical pesticides. Commonly these are bacterial, but there are alsoexamples of fungal control agents, including Trichoderma spp. andAmpelomyces quisqualis (a control agent for grape powdery mildew).Bacillus subtilis are used to control plant pathogens. Weeds and rodentshave also been controlled with microbial agents. One well-knowninsecticide example is Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterial disease ofLepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. Because it has little effect onother organisms, it is considered more environmentally friendly thansynthetic pesticides. Biological insecticides include products based on:

1. entomopathogenic fungi (e.g. Metarhizium anisopliae);

2. entomopathogenic nematodes (e.g. Steinernema feltiae); and

3. entomopathogenic viruses (e.g. Cydia pomonella granulovirus).

Other examples of entomopathogenic organisms include, but are notlimited to, baculoviruses, bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms,fungi, protozoa and Microsproridia. Biologically derived insecticidesinclude, but not limited to, rotenone, veratridine, as well as microbialtoxins; insect tolerant or resistant plant varieties; and organismsmodified by recombinant DNA technology to either produce insecticides orto convey an insect resistant property to the genetically modifiedorganism. In one embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be usedwith one or more biopesticides in the area of seed treatments and soilamendments. The Manual of Biocontrol Agents gives a review of theavailable biological insecticide (and other biology-based control)products. Copping L. G. (ed.) (2004). The Manual of Biocontrol Agents(formerly the Biopesticide Manual) 3rd Edition. British Crop ProductionCouncil (BCPC), Farnham, Surrey UK.

Other Active Compounds

Molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as in acompositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) withone or more of the following:

-   1.    3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4,5]dec-3-en-2-one;-   2.    3-(4′-chloro-2,4-dimethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4,5]dec-3-en-2-one;-   3. 4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]methylamino]-2(5H)-furanone;-   4.    4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]cyclopropylamino]-2(5H)-furanone;-   5.    3-chloro-N2-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-N1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarboxamide;-   6. 2-cyano-N-ethyl-4-fluoro-3-methoxy-benenesulfonamide;-   7. 2-cyano-N-ethyl-3-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide;-   8. 2-cyano-3-difluoromethoxy-N-ethyl-4-fluoro-benzenesulfonamide;-   9. 2-cyano-3-fluoromethoxy-N-ethyl-benzenesulfonamide;-   10. 2-cyano-6-fluoro-3-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-benzenesulfonamide;-   11. 2-cyano-N-ethyl-6-fluoro-3-methoxy-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide;-   12. 2-cyano-3-difluoromethoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfon-amide;-   13.    3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;-   14.    N-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpropionamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)    hydrazone;-   15.    N-ethyl-2,2-dichloro-1-methylcyclopropane-carboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)    hydrazone nicotine;-   16.    O-{(E-)-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-cyano-1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-vinyl]}S-methyl    thiocarbonate;-   17.    (E)-N1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)]-N2-cyano-N1-methylacetamidine;-   18.    1-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;-   19. 4-[4-chlorophenyl-(2-butylidine-hydrazono)methyl)]phenyl    mesylate; and-   20.    N-Ethyl-2,2-dichloro-1-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone.

Synergistic Mixtures

Molecules of Formula One may be used with certain active compounds toform synergistic mixtures where the mode of action of such compoundscompared to the mode of action of the molecules of Formula One are thesame, similar, or different. Examples of modes of action include, butare not limited to: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; sodium channelmodulator; chitin biosynthesis inhibitor; GABA and glutamate-gatedchloride channel antagonist; GABA and glutamate-gated chloride channelagonist; acetylcholine receptor agonist; acetylcholine receptorantagonist; MET I inhibitor; Mg-stimulated ATPase inhibitor; nicotinicacetylcholine receptor; Midgut membrane disrupter; oxidativephosphorylation disrupter, and ryanodine receptor (RyRs). Generally,weight ratios of the molecules of Formula One in a synergistic mixturewith another compound are from about 10:1 to about 1:10, in anotherembodiment from about 5:1 to about 1:5, and in another embodiment fromabout 3:1, and in another embodiment about 1:1.

Formulations

A pesticide is rarely suitable for application in its pure form. It isusually necessary to add other substances so that the pesticide can beused at the required concentration and in an appropriate form,permitting ease of application, handling, transportation, storage, andmaximum pesticide activity. Thus, pesticides are formulated into, forexample, baits, concentrated emulsions, dusts, emulsifiableconcentrates, fumigants, gels, granules, microencapsulations, seedtreatments, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, tablets, watersoluble liquids, water dispersible granules or dry flowables, wettablepowders, and ultra low volume solutions. For further information onformulation types see “Catalogue of Pesticide Formulation Types andInternational Coding System” Technical Monograph n° 2, 5th Edition byCropLife International (2002).

Pesticides are applied most often as aqueous suspensions or emulsionsprepared from concentrated formulations of such pesticides. Suchwater-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations areeither solids, usually known as wettable powders, or water dispersiblegranules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, oraqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to formwater dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of thepesticide, a carrier, and surfactants. The concentration of thepesticide is usually from about 10% to about 90% by weight. The carrieris usually selected from among the attapulgite clays, themontmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purifiedsilicates. Effective surfactants, comprising from about 0.5% to about10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonated lignins,condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates,alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and non-ionic surfactants suchas ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Emulsifiable concentrates of pesticides comprise a convenientconcentration of a pesticide, such as from about 50 to about 500 gramsper liter of liquid dissolved in a carrier that is either a watermiscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvent andemulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especiallyxylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boilingnaphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromaticnaphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as the terpenicsolvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such ascyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. Suitableemulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are selected from conventionalanionic and non-ionic surfactants.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble pesticidesdispersed in an aqueous carrier at a concentration in the range fromabout 5% to about 50% by weight. Suspensions are prepared by finelygrinding the pesticide and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprisedof water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as inorganic salts andsynthetic or natural gums may also be added, to increase the density andviscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grindand mix the pesticide at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixtureand homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, orpiston-type homogenizer.

Pesticides may also be applied as granular compositions that areparticularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular compositionsusually contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the pesticide,dispersed in a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Suchcompositions are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide in asuitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has beenpre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about0.5 to about 3 mm Such compositions may also be formulated by making adough or paste of the carrier and compound and crushing and drying toobtain the desired granular particle size.

Dusts containing a pesticide are prepared by intimately mixing thepesticide in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier,such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts cansuitably contain from about 1% to about 10% of the pesticide. They canbe applied as a seed dressing or as a foliage application with a dustblower machine.

It is equally practical to apply a pesticide in the form of a solutionin an appropriate organic solvent, usually petroleum oil, such as thespray oils, which are widely used in agricultural chemistry.

Pesticides can also be applied in the form of an aerosol composition. Insuch compositions the pesticide is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier,which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosolcomposition is packaged in a container from which the mixture isdispensed through an atomizing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide is mixed with food or anattractant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume thepesticide. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders,liquids, or solids. They can be used in pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure andhence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests insoil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional toits concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by agood capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest'srespiratory system or being absorbed through the pest's cuticle.Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proofsheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers.

Pesticides can be microencapsulated by suspending the pesticideparticles or droplets in plastic polymers of various types. By alteringthe chemistry of the polymer or by changing factors in the processing,microcapsules can be formed of various sizes, solubility, wallthicknesses, and degrees of penetrability. These factors govern thespeed with which the active ingredient within is released, which inturn, affects the residual performance, speed of action, and odor of theproduct.

Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving pesticide in a solventthat will hold the pesticide in solution. Oil solutions of a pesticideusually provide faster knockdown and kill of pests than otherformulations due to the solvents themselves having pesticidal action andthe dissolution of the waxy covering of the integument increasing thespeed of uptake of the pesticide. Other advantages of oil solutionsinclude better storage stability, better penetration of crevices, andbetter adhesion to greasy surfaces.

Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsioncomprises oily globules which are each provided with a lamellar liquidcrystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oilyglobule comprises at least one compound which is agriculturally active,and is individually coated with a monolamellar or oligolamellar layercomprising: (1) at least one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent,(2) at least one non-ionic hydrophilic surface-active agent and (3) atleast one ionic surface-active agent, wherein the globules having a meanparticle diameter of less than 800 nanometers. Further information onthe embodiment is disclosed in U.S. patent publication 20070027034published Feb. 1, 2007, having patent application Ser. No. 11/495,228.For ease of use, this embodiment will be referred to as “OIWE”.

For further information consult “Insect Pest Management” 2nd Edition byD. Dent, copyright CAB International (2000). Additionally, for moredetailed information consult “Handbook of Pest Control—The Behavior,Life History, and Control of Household Pests” by Arnold Mallis, 9thEdition, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc.

Other Formulation Components

Generally, when the molecules disclosed in Formula One are used in aformulation, such formulation can also contain other components. Thesecomponents include, but are not limited to, (this is a non-exhaustiveand non-mutually exclusive list) wetters, spreaders, stickers,penetrants, buffers, sequestering agents, drift reduction agents,compatibility agents, anti-foam agents, cleaning agents, andemulsifiers. A few components are described forthwith.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases thespreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacialtension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading.Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemicalformulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate ofwetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids orsuspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in aspray tank to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improvethe penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples ofwetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, andwater-dispersible granule formulations are: sodium lauryl sulfate;sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphaticalcohol ethoxylates.

A dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface ofparticles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particlesand prevents them from reaggregating. Dispersing agents are added toagrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension duringmanufacture, and to ensure the particles redisperse into water in aspray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspensionconcentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are usedas dispersing agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particlesurface and provide a charged or steric barrier to reaggregation ofparticles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, ormixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the mostcommon dispersing agents are sodium lignosulfonates. For suspensionconcentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained usingpolyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehydecondensates. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters are also used.Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO blockcopolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersing agents forsuspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very highmolecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersingagents. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large numberof ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant.These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-termstability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backboneshave many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples ofdispersing agents used in agrochemical formulations are: sodiumlignosulfonates; sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates;tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcoholethoxylates; alkyl ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graftcopolymers.

An emulsifying agent is a substance which stabilizes a suspension ofdroplets of one liquid phase in another liquid phase. Without theemulsifying agent the two liquids would separate into two immiscibleliquid phases. The most commonly used emulsifier blends containalkylphenol or aliphatic alcohol with twelve or more ethylene oxideunits and the oil-soluble calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. Arange of hydrophile-lipophile balance (“HLB”) values from 8 to 18 willnormally provide good stable emulsions. Emulsion stability can sometimesbe improved by the addition of a small amount of an EO-PO blockcopolymer surfactant.

A solubilizing agent is a surfactant which will form micelles in waterat concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The micellesare then able to dissolve or solubilize water-insoluble materials insidethe hydrophobic part of the micelle. The types of surfactants usuallyused for solubilization are non-ionics, sorbitan monooleates, sorbitanmonooleate ethoxylates, and methyl oleate esters.

Surfactants are sometimes used, either alone or with other additivessuch as mineral or vegetable oils as adjuvants to spray-tank mixes toimprove the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. Thetypes of surfactants used for bioenhancement depend generally on thenature and mode of action of the pesticide. However, they are oftennon-ionics such as: alkyl ethoxylates; linear aliphatic alcoholethoxylates; aliphatic amine ethoxylates.

A carrier or diluent in an agricultural formulation is a material addedto the pesticide to give a product of the required strength. Carriersare usually materials with high absorptive capacities, while diluentsare usually materials with low absorptive capacities. Carriers anddiluents are used in the formulation of dusts, wettable powders,granules and water-dispersible granules.

Organic solvents are used mainly in the formulation of emulsifiableconcentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspoemulsions, and ultra lowvolume formulations, and to a lesser extent, granular formulations.Sometimes mixtures of solvents are used. The first main groups ofsolvents are aliphatic paraffinic oils such as kerosene or refinedparaffins. The second main group (and the most common) comprises thearomatic solvents such as xylene and higher molecular weight fractionsof C9 and C10 aromatic solvents. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are useful ascosolvents to prevent crystallization of pesticides when the formulationis emulsified into water. Alcohols are sometimes used as cosolvents toincrease solvent power. Other solvents may include vegetable oils, seedoils, and esters of vegetable and seed oils.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation ofsuspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify therheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation andsettling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling,and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namelywater-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possibleto produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas.Examples of these types of materials, include, but are not limited to,montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, andattapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used asthickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharidesmost commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds or aresynthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of materialsinclude, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam;alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC);hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents arebased on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol andpolyethylene oxide. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

Microorganisms can cause spoilage of formulated products. Thereforepreservation agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect.Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acidand its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts;benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt;methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).

The presence of surfactants often causes water-based formulations tofoam during mixing operations in production and in application through aspray tank. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agentsare often added either during the production stage or before fillinginto bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namelysilicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions ofdimethyl polysiloxane, while the non-silicone anti-foam agents arewater-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In bothcases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactantfrom the air-water interface.

“Green” agents (e.g., adjuvants, surfactants, solvents) can reduce theoverall environmental footprint of crop protection formulations. Greenagents are biodegradable and generally derived from natural and/orsustainable sources, e.g. plant and animal sources. Specific examplesare: vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters thereof, also alkoxylatedalkyl polyglucosides.

For further information, see “Chemistry and Technology of AgrochemicalFormulations” edited by D. A. Knowles, copyright 1998 by Kluwer AcademicPublishers. Also see “Insecticides in Agriculture andEnvironment—Retrospects and Prospects” by A. S. Perry, I. Yamamoto, I.Ishaaya, and R. Perry, copyright 1998 by Springer-Verlag.

Pests

In general, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pestse.g. beetles, earwigs, cockroaches, flies, aphids, scales, whiteflies,leafhoppers, ants, wasps, termites, moths, butterflies, lice,grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, fleas, thrips, bristletails, mites,ticks, nematodes, and symphylans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests in the Phyla Nematoda and/or Arthropoda.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests in the Subphyla Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and/or Hexapoda.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests in the Classes of Arachnida, Symphyla, and/or Insecta.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Anoplura. A non-exhaustive list of particulargenera includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp., Hoplopleuraspp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., and Polyplax spp. Anon-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limitedto, Haematopinus asini, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus setosus,Linognathus ovillus, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanushumanus, and Pthirus pubis.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests in the Order Coleoptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides spp.,Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Aulacophoraspp., Bruchus spp., Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp., Ceutorhynchus spp.,Chaetocnema spp., Colaspis spp., Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp.,Cyclocephala spp., Diabrotica spp., Hypera spp., Ips spp., Lyctus spp.,Megascelis spp., Meligethes spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Pantomorus spp.,Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta spp., Rhizotrogus spp., Rhynchites spp.,Rhynchophorus spp., Scolytus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sitophilus spp.,and Tribolium spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes,but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Agrilus planipennis,Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus grandis, Ataenius spretulus,Atomaria linearis, Bothynoderes punctiventris, Bruchus pisorum,Callosobruchus maculatus, Carpophilus hemipterus, Cassida vittata,Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi,Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cotinisnitida, Crioceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestespusillus, Cryptolestes turcicus, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Deporausmarginatus, Dermestes lardarius, Dermestes maculatus, Epilachnavarivestis, Faustinus cubae, Hylobius pales, Hypera postica,Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Leptinotarsa decemlineata,Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,Maecolaspis joliveti, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolonthamelolontha, Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros,Oryzaephilus mercator, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oulema melanopus,Oulema oryzae, Phyllophaga cuyabana, Popillia japonica, Prostephanustruncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus granarius,Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum, Triboliumcastaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma variabile, and Zabrustenebrioides.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Dermaptera.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Blattaria. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular species includes, but is not limited to, Blattella germanica,Blatta orientalis, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Periplaneta americana,Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa,Pycnoscelus surinamensis, and Supella longipalpa.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Diptera. A non-exhaustive list of particulargenera includes, but is not limited to, Aedes spp., Agromyza spp.,Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp.,Chrysops spp., Cochliomyia spp., Contarinia spp., Culex spp., Dasineuraspp., Delia spp., Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Hylemyia spp., Liriomyzaspp., Musca spp., Phorbia spp., Tabanus spp., and Tipula spp. Anon-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limitedto, Agromyza frontella, Anastrepha suspensa, Anastrepha ludens,Anastrepha obliqa, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis,Bactrocera invadens, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Dasineurabrassicae, Delia platura, Fannia canicularis, Fannia scalaris,Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gracillia perseae, Haematobia irritans,Hypoderma lineatum, Liriomyza brassicae, Melophagus ovinus, Muscaautumnalis, Musca domestica, Oestrus ovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomyabetae, Psila rosae, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Rhagoletismendax, Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Stomoxys calcitrans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Hemiptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adelges spp.,Aulacaspis spp., Aphrophora spp., Aphis spp., Bemisia spp., Ceroplastesspp., Chionaspis spp., Chrysomphalus spp., Coccus spp., Empoasca spp.,Lepidosaphes spp., Lagynotomus spp., Lygus spp., Macrosiphum spp.,Nephotettix spp., Nezara spp., Philaenus spp., Phytocoris spp.,Piezodorus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Rhopalosiphumspp., Saissetia spp., Therioaphis spp., Toumeyella spp., Toxoptera spp.,Trialeurodes spp., Triatoma spp. and Unaspis spp. A non-exhaustive listof particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acrosternumhilare, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicusdisperses, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Amrasca biguttula biguttula,Aonidiella aurantii, Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis pomi,Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Blissusleucopterus, Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevennia rehi, Brevicorynebrassicae, Calocoris norvegicus, Ceroplastes rubens, Cimex hemipterus,Cimex lectularius, Dagbertus fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Diuraphisnoxia, Diaphorina citri, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysdercus suturellus,Edessa meditabunda, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eurygaster maura, Euschistusheros, Euschistus servus, Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora,Icerya purchasi, Idioscopus nitidulus, Laodelphax striatellus,Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus hesperus,Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum granarium,Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarva frimbiolata,Metopolophium dirhodum, Mictis longicornis, Myzus persicae, Nephotettixcinctipes, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezara viridula, Nilaparvatalugens, Parlatoria pergandii, Parlatoria ziziphi, Peregrinus maidis,Phylloxera vitifoliae, Physokermes piceae, Phytocoris californicus,Phytocoris relatives, Piezodorus guildinii, Poecilocapsus lineatus,Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Pseudococcus brevipes,Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi,Saissetia oleae, Scaptocoris castanea, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobionavenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trialeurodesabutiloneus, Unaspis yanonensis, and Zulia entrerriana.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Hymenoptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acromyrmex spp., Attaspp., Camponotus spp., Diprion spp., Formica spp., Monomorium spp.,Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Polistes spp., Solenopsis spp.,Vespula spp., and Xylocopa spp. A non-exhaustive list of particularspecies includes, but is not limited to, Athalia rosae, Atta texana,Iridomyrmex humilis, Monomorium minimum, Monomorium pharaonis,Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis molesta, Solenopsisrichtery, Solenopsis xyloni, and Tapinoma sessile. In anotherembodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests ofthe Order Isoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes,but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp., Cornitermes spp., Cryptotermesspp., Heterotermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Macrotermesspp., Marginitermes spp., Microcerotermes spp., Procornitermes spp.,Reticulitermes spp., Schedorhinotermes spp., and Zootermopsis spp. Anon-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limitedto, Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes frenchi, Coptotermesformosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Microtermes obesi, Reticulitermesbanyulensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes flavipes,Reticulitermes hageni, Reticulitermes hesperus, Reticulitermessantonensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes tibialis, andReticulitermes virginicus.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Lepidoptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adoxophyes spp.,Agrotis spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia spp., Chilospp., Chrysodeixis spp., Colias spp., Crambus spp., Diaphania spp.,Diatraea spp., Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Epimecis spp., Feltia spp.,Gortyna spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Indarbela spp.,Lithocolletis spp., Loxagrotis spp., Malacosoma spp., Peridroma spp.,Phyllonorycter spp., Pseudaletia spp., Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp.,Synanthedon spp., and Yponomeuta spp. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular species includes, but is not limited to, Achaea janata,Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabama argillacea, Amorbia cuneana,Amyelois transitella, Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia lineatella,Anomis sabulifera, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips argyrospila, Archipsrosana, Argyrotaenia citrana, Autographa gamma, Bonagota cranaodes,Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Capua reticulana, Carposinaniponensis, Chlumetia transversa, Choristoneura rosaceana,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Conopomorpha cramerella, Cossus cossus, Cydiacaryana, Cydia funebrana, Cydia molesta, Cydia nigricana, Cydiapomonella, Darna diducta, Diatraea saccharalis, Diatraea grandiosella,Earias insulana, Earias vittella, Ecdytolopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpuslignosellus, Ephestia cautella, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella,Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erionota thrax, Eupoeciliaambiguella, Euxoa auxiliaris, Grapholita molesta, Hedylepta indicata,Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, Hellulaundalis, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucopteracoffeella, Leucoptera malifoliella, Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotisalbicosta, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Mahasena corbetti,Mamestra brassicae, Maruca testulalis, Metisa plana, Mythimna unipuncta,Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nymphula depunctalis, Operophtera brumata,Ostrinia nubilalis, Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana, Pandemisheparana, Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia,Perileucoptera coffeella, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistiscitrella, Pieris rapae, Plathypena scabra, Plodia interpunctella,Plutella xylostella, Polychrosis viteana, Prays endocarpa, Prays oleae,Pseudaletia unipuncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Rachiplusia nu,Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens, Sesamia nonagrioides, Setoranitens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodopteraexigua, Spodoptera fruglperda, Spodoptera eridania, Thecla basilides,Tineola bisselliella, Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, Zeuzera coffeae,and Zeuzera pyrina.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Mallophaga. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Anaticola spp.,Bovicola spp., Chelopistes spp., Goniodes spp., Menacanthus spp., andTrichodectes spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes,but is not limited to, Bovicola bovis, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis,Chelopistes meleagridis, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniodes gigas,Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, and Trichodectes canis.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Orthoptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Melanoplus spp., andPterophylla spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes,but is not limited to, Anabrus simplex, Gryllotalpa africana,Gryllotalpa australis, Gryllotalpa brachyptera, Gryllotalpa hexadactyla,Locusta migratoria, Microcentrum retinerve, Schistocerca gregaria, andScudderia furcata.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Siphonaptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular species includes, but is not limited to, Ceratophyllusgallinae, Ceratophyllus niger, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalidesfelis, and Pulex irritans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Thysanoptera. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips spp.,Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips spp., and Thrips spp. A non-exhaustivelist of particular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Frankliniellafusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei,Frankliniella williamsi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Rhipiphorothripscruentatus, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Taeniothripsrhopalantennalis, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips nigropilosus, Thripsorientalis, Thrips tabaci.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Thysanura. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Lepisma spp. andThermobia spp.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Order Acarina. A non-exhaustive list of particulargenera includes, but is not limited to, Acarus spp., Aculops spp.,Boophilus spp., Demodex spp., Dermacentor spp., Epitrimerus spp.,Eriophyes spp., Ixodes spp., Oligonychus spp., Panonychus spp.,Rhizoglyphus spp., and Tetranychus spp. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular species includes, but is not limited to, Acarapis woodi,Acarus siro, Aceria mangiferae, Aculops lycopersici, Aculus pelekassi,Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma americanum, Brevipalpus obovatus,Brevipalpus phoenicis, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus, Eotetranychus carpini, Notoedres cati, Oligonychuscoffeae, Oligonychus ilicis, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi,Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Rhipicephalussanguineus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Tegolophus perseaflorae, Tetranychusurticae, and Varroa destructor.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pest of the Order Symphyla. A non-exhaustive list of particularsp. includes, but is not limited to, Scutigerella immaculata.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used tocontrol pests of the Phylum Nematoda. A non-exhaustive list ofparticular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp.,Belonolaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Ditylenchus spp., Heterodera spp.,Hirschmanniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchusspp., and Radopholus spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular sp.includes, but is not limited to, Dirofilaria immitis, Heterodera zeae,Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Onchocerca volvulus,Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis.

For additional information consult “HANDBOOK OF PEST CONTROL—THEBEHAVIOR, LIFE HISTORY, AND CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS” by ArnoldMallis, 9th Edition, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc.

Applications

Molecules of Formula One are generally used in amounts from about 0.01grams per hectare to about 5000 grams per hectare to provide control.Amounts from about 0.1 grams per hectare to about 500 grams per hectareare generally preferred, and amounts from about 1 gram per hectare toabout 50 grams per hectare are generally more preferred.

The area to which a molecule of Formula One is applied can be any areainhabited (or maybe inhabited, or traversed by) a pest, for example:where crops, trees, fruits, cereals, fodder species, vines, turf andornamental plants, are growing; where domesticated animals are residing;the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings (such as places wheregrains are stored), the materials of construction used in building (suchas impregnated wood), and the soil around buildings. Particular cropareas to use a molecule of Formula One include areas where apples, corn,sunflowers, cotton, soybeans, canola, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley,oats, potatoes, oranges, alfalfa, lettuce, strawberries, tomatoes,peppers, crucifers, pears, tobacco, almonds, sugar beets, beans andother valuable crops are growing or the seeds thereof are going to beplanted. It is also advantageous to use ammonium sulfate with a moleculeof Formula One when growing various plants.

Controlling pests generally means that pest populations, pest activity,or both, are reduced in an area. This can come about when: pestpopulations are repulsed from an area; when pests are incapacitated inor around an area; or pests are exterminated, in whole, or in part, inor around an area. Of course, a combination of these results can occur.Generally, pest populations, activity, or both are desirably reducedmore than fifty percent, preferably more than 90 percent. Generally, thearea is not in or on a human; consequently, the locus is generally anon-human area.

The molecules of Formula One may be used in mixtures, appliedsimultaneously or sequentially, alone or with other compounds to enhanceplant vigor (e.g. to grow a better root system, to better withstandstressful growing conditions). Such other compounds are, for example,compounds that modulate plant ethylene receptors, most notably1-methylcyclopropene (also known as 1-MCP). Furthermore, such moleculesmay be used during times when pest activity is low, such as before theplants that are growing begin to produce valuable agriculturalcommodities. Such times include the early planting season when pestpressure is usually low.

The molecules of Formula One can be applied to the foliar and fruitingportions of plants to control pests. The molecules will either come indirect contact with the pest, or the pest will consume the pesticidewhen eating leaf, fruit mass, or extracting sap, that contains thepesticide. The molecules of Formula One can also be applied to the soil,and when applied in this manner, root and stem feeding pests can becontrolled. The roots can absorb a molecule taking it up into the foliarportions of the plant to control above ground chewing and sap feedingpests.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where, forexample, termites can come into contact with, and/or be attracted to,the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building,(horizontal, vertical, or slant surface) where, for example, ants,termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with, and/or beattracted to, the bait. Baits can comprise a molecule of Formula One.

The molecules of Formula One can be encapsulated inside, or placed onthe surface of a capsule. The size of the capsules can range fromnanometer size (about 100-900 nanometers in diameter) to micrometer size(about 10-900 microns in diameter).

Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resistcertain pesticides, repeated applications of the molecules of FormulaOne may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

Systemic movement of pesticides in plants may be utilized to controlpests on one portion of the plant by applying (for example by sprayingan area) the molecules of Formula One to a different portion of theplant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects can be achieved bydrip irrigation or furrow application, by treating the soil with forexample pre- or post-planting soil drench, or by treating the seeds of aplant before planting.

Seed treatment can be applied to all types of seeds, including thosefrom which plants genetically modified to express specialized traitswill germinate. Representative examples include those expressingproteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis orother insecticidal toxins, those expressing herbicide resistance, suchas “Roundup Ready” seed, or those with “stacked” foreign genesexpressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide resistance,nutrition-enhancement, drought resistance, or any other beneficialtraits. Furthermore, such seed treatments with the molecules of FormulaOne may further enhance the ability of a plant to better withstandstressful growing conditions. This results in a healthier, more vigorousplant, which can lead to higher yields at harvest time. Generally, about1 gram of the molecules of Formula One to about 500 grams per 100,000seeds is expected to provide good benefits, amounts from about 10 gramsto about 100 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide betterbenefits, and amounts from about 25 grams to about 75 grams per 100,000seeds is expected to provide even better benefits.

It should be readily apparent that the molecules of Formula One may beused on, in, or around plants genetically modified to expressspecialized traits, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidaltoxins, or those expressing herbicide resistance, or those with“stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicideresistance, nutrition-enhancement, or any other beneficial traits.

The molecules of Formula One may be used for controlling endoparasitesand ectoparasites in the veterinary medicine sector or in the field ofnon-human animal keeping. The molecules of Formula One are applied, suchas by oral administration in the form of, for example, tablets,capsules, drinks, granules, by dermal application in the form of, forexample, dipping, spraying, pouring on, spotting on, and dusting, and byparenteral administration in the form of, for example, an injection.

The molecules of Formula One may also be employed advantageously inlivestock keeping, for example, cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, andgeese. They may also be employed advantageously in pets such as, horses,dogs, and cats. Particular pests to control would be fleas and ticksthat are bothersome to such animals. Suitable formulations areadministered orally to the animals with the drinking water or feed. Thedosages and formulations that are suitable depend on the species.

The molecules of Formula One may also be used for controlling parasiticworms, especially of the intestine, in the animals listed above.

The molecules of Formula One may also be employed in therapeutic methodsfor human health care. Such methods include, but are limited to, oraladministration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks,granules, and by dermal application.

Pests around the world have been migrating to new environments (for suchpest) and thereafter becoming a new invasive species in such newenvironment. The molecules of Formula One may also be used on such newinvasive species to control them in such new environment.

The molecules of Formula One may also be used in an area where plants,such as crops, are growing (e.g. pre-planting, planting, pre-harvesting)and where there are low levels (even no actual presence) of pests thatcan commercially damage such plants. The use of such molecules in sucharea is to benefit the plants being grown in the area. Such benefits,may include, but are not limited to, improving the health of a plant,improving the yield of a plant (e.g. increased biomass and/or increasedcontent of valuable ingredients), improving the vigor of a plant (e.g.improved plant growth and/or greener leaves), improving the quality of aplant (e.g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients), andimproving the tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress of the plant.

Before a pesticide can be used or sold commercially, such pesticideundergoes lengthy evaluation processes by various governmentalauthorities (local, regional, state, national, and international).Voluminous data requirements are specified by regulatory authorities andmust be addressed through data generation and submission by the productregistrant or by a third party on the product registrant's behalf, oftenusing a computer with a connection to the World Wide Web. Thesegovernmental authorities then review such data and if a determination ofsafety is concluded, provide the potential user or seller with productregistration approval. Thereafter, in that locality where the productregistration is granted and supported, such user or seller may use orsell such pesticide.

A molecule according to Formula One can be tested to determine itsefficacy against pests. Furthermore, mode of action studies can beconducted to determine if said molecule has a different mode of actionthan other pesticides. Thereafter, such acquired data can bedisseminated, such as by the internet, to third parties.

The headings in this document are for convenience only and must not beused to interpret any portion hereof.

TABLE SECTION

TABLE 1 Compound Number and Structure Com- pound Appear- No. anceStructure  1

 2

 3 Orange Oil

 4

 5 Semi- solid

 6 Yellow Oil

 7 Yellow Oil

 8 Yellow Solid

 9 Yellow Oil

10 Yellow Oil

11 Yellow Oil

12 Yellow Oil

13 Yellow Solid

14 Yellow Solid

15 Yellow Oil

16 Yellow Oil

17 Yellow Oil

18 Yellow Oil

19 Yellow Oil

20 Yellow Oil

21 Yellow Oil

22 Yellow Oil

23 Yellow Oil

24 Yellow Oil

25 White Oil

26 Yellow Oil

27 White Oil

28 Yellow Oil

29 Yellow Oil

30 Yellow Oil

31 Yellow Oil

32 Yellow Oil

33 White Oil

34 White Oil

35 Yellow Oil

36 Yellow Oil

37 White Oil

38 Yellow Oil

39 Brown Solid

40 Yellow Oil

41 Yellow Oil

TABLE 2 Analytical Data Compound No. MP (° C.) IR (cm⁻¹) Mass HNMR CNMR1 122-125 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, m/z 259 DMSO-d₆) δ 8.97 (br s, (M + 1)1H), 8.42 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.12-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.38 (m,1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.19-2.09 (m, 1H), 0.98 (d, J = 7.2 Hz,6H). 2 1682 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, m/z 304 CDCl₃) δ 8.94 (br s, 1H),(M + 1) 8.47 (dd, J = 5.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (dt, J = 8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H),7.36-7.27 (m, 2H) 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25- 3.18, (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H),2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H). 3 1717 ESIMS¹H NMR (400 MHz, m/z 289 CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (d, J = 2.4 (M + 1) Hz, 1H), 8.43(dd, J = 4.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dt, J = 8.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J =7.7, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s,9H). 4 3389, ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, 2978, m/z 289 DMSO, Major isomer) δ2930, (M + 1), 10.41 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 1730, 287 (M − 1) 8.39 (s,1H), 7.95 (d, J = 1478, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.28 1275, (m, 1H), 2.21 (s,3H), 2.18 1252, (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H). 1156, 1017,  951,  711,  573 5ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NR (76 MHz, m/z 217 CDCl₃) δ 10.87 (s, 1H),CDCl₃M) δ 169.11, [(M + H)]⁺. 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.36 (br s, 147.16, 146.66,1H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.7, 1H), 145.81, 135.00, 7.31-7.20 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s,132.92, 124.15, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H). 116.96, 30.11, 21.26, 12.22. 6 ESIMS¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 231 CDCl₃) δ 8.98-8.87 (m, CDCl₃)δ 171.74, ([M + H)]⁺). 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.07 (dd, 148.65, 146.34, J =7.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36- 145.35, 137.32, 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.28 132.34,129.32, (m, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.38 123.94, 114.61, (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 3H),1.84 (s, 36.83, 20.20, 12.15. 3H). 7 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76MHz, m/z 273 CDCl₃) δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.47 CDCl₃) δ 153.30, ([M + H)]⁺).(s, 1H), 8.11-8.02 (m, 148.16, 146.33, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 136.37,132.44, 2H), 3.31 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 123.63, 116.04, 3H), 2.37 (d, J = 2.1Hz, 40.57, 28.44, 27.49, 3H), 1.13 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 16.33, 12.63, 12.61.9H). 8 130.9-131.5 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, m/z 299 CDCl₃) δ 8.96 (s, 1H),8.54 ([M + H)]⁺). (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.05-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s,3H). 9 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 273 CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s,1H), 8.51 CDCl₃) δ 174.17, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 7.9 Hz,147.97, 146.43, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 7.6, 5.0 145.42, 136.73, Hz, 1H),7.26 (s, 1H), 3.38 132.21, 123.65, (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.12- 114.79,37.11, 31.51, 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.60 (dt, J = 30.09, 26.99, 22.56, 14.8, 7.3Hz, 2H), 1.35- 14.33, 12.43. 1.20 (m, 2H), 0.86 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 10ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 291 CDCl₃) δ 8.97-8.89 (d, J= CDCl₃) δ 172.34, ([M + H)]⁺). 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.54-8.44 148.63, 146.47,(m, 1H), 8.11-7.98 (m, 145.34, 137.05, 1H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 2H), 132.21,128.84, 3.42-3.38 (s, 3H), 2.85- 123.56, 114.79, 2.66 (t, J = 6.9 Hz,2H), 37.14, 31.46, 29.22, 2.42-2.38 (s, 3H), 2.37- 16.10, 12.38. 2.16(m, 2H), 2.09 - 2.00 (s, 3H). 11 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz,m/z 313 CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.47 CDCl₃) δ 177.72, ([M + H)]⁺). (s,1H), 8.08 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 148.07, 147.05, 1H), 7.38-7.23 (m, 2H),146.11, 135.23, 3.81 (dd, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 132.08, 129.62, 1H) 3.30(dd, J = 14.2, 7.1 123.72, 117.42, Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.21 56.21,40.51, 29.96, (s, 3H), 1.12 (s, 9H), 0.96- 28.76, 27.70, 12.70, 0.80 (m,1H), 0.54-0.43 8.86, 4.34, 3.33. (m, 2H), 0.08 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H). 12ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 339 CDCl₃) δ 8.96 (s, 1H),8.52 CDCl₃) δ 164.22, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.10 (dd, J = 8.0, 148.46,146.04, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 137.03, 132.33, 8.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H),7.31 (s, 129.01, 125.67, 1H), 3.86-3.71 (m, 1H), 123.65, 122.27,3.66-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.05- 115.77, 53.92, 37.26, 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s,3H), 36.87, 36.47, 36.07, 0.89 (ddd, J = 7.6, 4.9, 2.7 12.21, 8.56,4.20, Hz, 1H), 0.63-0.52 (m, 3.44. 2H), 0.22 (t, J = 3.8 Hz, 2H). 13ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 287 CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H),8.51 CDCl₃) δ 177.89, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.09 (dt, J = 8.0, 148.35,146.90, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 135.90, 132.36, 7.27 (s, 1H), 4.14(dq, J = 129.57, 123.88, 14.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dq, 117.53, 47.56,40.55, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.39 29.93, 28.66, 27.64, (s, 3H),1.26-1.17 (m, 12.88. 3H), 1.14 (s, 9H). 14 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³CNMR (76 MHz, m/z 313 CDCl₃) δ 8.98 (d, J = 2.2 CDCl₃) δ 148.88, ([M +H)]⁺). Hz, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.17- 146.66, 146.01, 7.99 (m, 1H),7.43-7.29 132.54, 129.05, (m, 1H), 4.13 (dq, J = 14.4, 125.45, 123.94,7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dq, J = 121.78, 115.69, 14.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (dt,44.82, 37.08, 36.61, J = 17.6, 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.40 29.96, 12.59, 12.19.(s, 3H), 1.20 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 15 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76MHz, m/z 313 CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.50 CDCl₃) δ 154.33, ([M + H)]⁺).(d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, 153.77, 148.52, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (dd,J = 146.65, 132.25, 8.0, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.27- 123.85, 115.84, 7.26 (m,2H), 3.82-3.65 53.59, 31.69, 29.94, (m, 1H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 26.85, 24.05,22.55, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.08 - 14.06, 12.42, 9.17, 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.59(p, J = 4.24, 3.70. 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.34-1.15 (m, 4H), 1.01-0.91 (m, 1H),0.85 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.54 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.18 (t, J = 4.6 Hz,2H). 16 ESIMS ¹H NMR (301 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 319 CDCl₃) δ 8.98(s, 1H), 8.51 CDCl₃) δ 176.05, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 146.89, 146.39, 1H), 7.51-7.34 (m, 2H), 144.66, 135.66, 3.36 (s,3H), 2.84 (d, J = 133.74, 124.44, 12.7 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.58 116.68, 47.84,46.51, (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.15 40.76, 30.03, 26.48, (s, 3H), 1.24(s, 3H), 1.15 25.90, 18.35, 12.69. (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 3H). 17 ESIMS ¹H NMR(300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 273 CDCl₃) δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.48 CDCl₃) δ148.36, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 146.47, 146.18, 1H),7.30 (dd, J = 7.6, 4.8 136.36, 132.27, Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 4.03123.80, 116.23, (dt, J = 14.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 44.53, 30.11, 20.70, 3.61(dq, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 19.54, 12.97, 12.45. 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s,1H), 1.20-1.15 (m, 3H), 18 ESIMS ¹H NMR (301 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z305 CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.47 CDCl₃) δ 171.98, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H),8.06 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 148.24, 146.28, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 7.4, 4.1 146.10,136.77, Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.23 (m, 132.45, 129.43, 1H), 4.06 (dq, J = 14.4,7.1 123.89, 116.06, Hz, 1H), 3.64 (dq, J = 14.3, 44.51, 32.22, 29.39,7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (t, J = 6.7 16.31, 12.90, 12.49. Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s,3H), 2.26 (dd, J = 13.5, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.19 (t, J = 7.5 Hz,3H). 19 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 287 CDCl₃) δ 8.95(s, 1H), 8.50 CDCl₃) δ 148.26, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 7.8Hz, 146.37, 146.12, 1H), 7.32 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 132.35, 123.88, 1H), 7.21(s, 1H), 4.05 (dd, 115.97, 44.36, 31.88, J = 13.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.6530.03, 26.93, 22.64, (dd, J = 14.0, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 14.16, 12.98, 12.48.2.37 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 2H), 1.59 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.25-1.16 (m, 5H),0.85 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 20 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z299 CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.47 CDCl₃) δ 148.32, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H),8.05 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 146.47, 136.48, 1H), 7.26 (s, 2H), 3.79- 132.20,129.47, 3.61 (m, 1H), 3.55 (dd, J = 123.78, 116.11, 14.1, 7.2 Hz, 1H),2.37 (s, 53.77, 30.00, 20.76, 3H), 2.25 (s, 1H), 1.08 (d, J = 19.52,12.49, 9.25, 5.9 Hz, 6H), 0.92 (s, 1H), 4.38, 3.73. 0.51 (d, J = 7.5 Hz,2H), 0.14 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 2H). 21 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76MHz, m/z 331 CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.50 CDCl₃) δ 172.12, ([M + H)]⁺).(s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 148.48, 146.53, 1H), 7.30 (s, 2H), 3.82-146.29, 136.78, 3.67 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.53 132.21, 129.33, (m, 1H), 2.78(t, J = 6.9 123.67, 115.82, Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.31 53.83, 32.19,29.41, (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.04 (s, 16.32, 12.56, 9.23, 3H), 0.95 (dd,J = 9.8, 5.2 4.44, 3.89. Hz, 1H), 0.55 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 0.19 (t, J =3.9 Hz, 2H). 22 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 277 CDCl₃) δ8.73 (s, 1H), 8.34 CDCl₃) δ 146.17, ([M + H)]⁺). (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H),7.82 142.30, 136.75, (ddd, J = 9.6, 2.7, 1.7 Hz, 136.43, 119.19, 1H),7.30 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 118.93, 115.93, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.17- 37.40,29.77, 29.60, 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.10 (d, J = 20.49, 19.41, 12.06. 6.5 Hz,6H). 23 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 309 CDCl₃) δ 8.74(s, 1H), 8.35 CDCl₃) δ 161.87, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 9.3Hz, 158.47, 145.96, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 3.39 (s, 142.37, 136.90, 3H),2.77 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 136.58, 119.19, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.30 (dt,118.94, 115.66, J = 13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.03 37.25, 31.88, 29.30, (s,3H). 16.21, 12.13. 24 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 291CDCl₃) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.36 CDCl₃) δ 177.82, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.83(d, J = 9.3 Hz, 146.53, 142.21, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 4.06 (dq, 136.64,136.33, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.63 119.24, 118.98, (dq, J = 14.2, 7.2Hz, 2H), 117.05, 44.55, 30.24, 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.14 30.10, 20.76,19.60, (m, 1H), 1.20 (t, J = 7.2 13.08, 12.50 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (d, J = 6.4Hz, 6H). 25 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 323 CDCl₃) δ8.73 (s, 1H), 8.35 CDCl₃) δ 171.95, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J =9.6 Hz, 146.41, 142.25, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 4.08 (dq, 136.65, 136.45, J =14.0, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.66 119.12, 118.91, (dq, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 1H),116.81, 44.54, 32.20, 2.76 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 29.46, 16.31, 13.00,2.39 (s, 3H), 2.26 (br s, 12.58, 7.71. 2H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.20 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 3H). 26 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 317 CDCl₃) δ8.74 (s, 1H), 8.34 CDCl₃) δ 170.65, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J =9.4 Hz, 154.09, 146.75, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 3.82- 142.12, 136.49, 3.66(m, 1H), 3.64-3.48 136.20, 135.22, (m, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.26 131.18,119.25, (br s, 1H), 1.10 (d, J = 6.4 118.99, 116.98, Hz, 6H), 0.92 (tt,J = 13.1, 29.99, 20.83, 19.60, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 0.53 (d, J = 12.54, 9.34,4.49, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 0.16 (t, J = 4.1 3.81. Hz, 2H). 27 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 349 CDCl₃) δ 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.36 CDCl₃) δ171.95, ([M + H)]⁺). (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.84 161.77, 158.29, (dt, J =9.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 146.73, 142.14, 7.34 (s, 1H), 3.76 (dd, J = 136.60,136.30, 14.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.65- 131.17, 119.27, 3.53 (m, 1H), 2.78 (t,J = 119.01, 116.71, 6.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.42 (s, 3H), 53.82, 32.28, 30.11,2.37-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.05 29.47, 16.44, 12.58, (s, 3H), 1.03 - 0.88 (m,9.29, 4.53, 3.89. 1H), 0.55 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.18 (t, J = 3.9 Hz,2H). 28 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 305 CDCl₃) δ 8.97(s, 1H), 8.52 CDCl₃) δ 176.76, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.11 (t, J = 7.1Hz, 148.16, 146.21, 1H), 7.48 (s, 0.5H), 7.36 (s, 132.54, 116.13, 1H),7.29 (s, 0.5H), 3.42 (s, 115.28, 39.07, 38.18, 3H), 2.95-2.80 (m, 1H),37.55, 36.55, 35.41, 2.54-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.41 19.62, 18.68, 16.90, (s,3H), 2.00 (d, J = 13.3 12.32. Hz, 3H), 1.16 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 29ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 319 CDCl₃) δ 8.91 (s, 1H),8.45 CDCl₃) δ 176.42, ([M + H)]⁺). (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 8.12- 148.08,146.08, 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.42 (s, 132.32, 123.96, 0.5H), 7.30 (d, J = 5.6Hz, 117.37, 116.50, 1H), 7.26 (s, 0.5H), 4.11 44.77, 40.20, 39.12, (dd,J = 13.8, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 38.11, 35.56, 18.63, 3.57 (dq, J = 13.8, 6.9 Hz,16.84, 12.95, 12.45. 1H), 2.95-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s,3H), 1.95 (d, J = 14.8 Hz, 3H), 1.30-1.01 (m, 6H). 30 ESIMS ¹H NMR (301MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 333 CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.46 CDCl₃) δ175.70, ([M + H)]⁺). (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, 148.33, 146.93, J =7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 146.46, 136.00, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 132.29,123.83, 4.13 (dq, J = 14.3, 7.2 Hz, 117.50, 48.08, 47.85, 1 H), 3.39 (d,J = 14.1, 7.1 46.66, 30.08, 26.45, Hz, 1H), 2.81 (d, J = 12.6 25.95,18.42, 13.04, Hz, 1H), 2.58 (d, J = 12.6 12.70. Hz, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H),2.12 (s, 3H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.09 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H). 31ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 245 CDCl₃) δ 8.98 (s, 1H),8.52 CDCl₃) δ 172.33, ([M + H]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 171.04,148.26, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 146.35, 145.86, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H),4.04 (t, J = 132.37, 123.82, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dd, J = 115.86, 44.22,20.66, 13.5, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 12.96, 12.46, 7.78. 3H), 1.87 (s,3H), 1.23 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H). 32 ESIMS ¹H NMR (301 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76MHz, m/z 359 CDCl₃) δ 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.44 CDC13) δ 175.95, ([M + H)]⁺).(s, 1H), 8.05 (dt, J = 7.9, 172.32, 148.33, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H),147.19, 146.48, 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H), 3.84 135.89, 132.21, (dd, J = 14.1,7.2 Hz, 1H), 123.82, 117.54, 3.33 (dd, J = 14.1, 7.2 Hz, 56.75, 48.14,46.84, 1H), 2.81 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 26.53, 25.98, 18.43, 1H), 2.57 (d, J =12.6 Hz, 13.15, 8.98, 4.64, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3.78. 3H), 1.10(d, J = 8.5 Hz, 6H), 0.89 (dtd, J = 12.1, 7.4, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 0.48 (ddd, J= 7.7, 4.1, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 0.10 (dt, J = 6.5, 3.1 Hz, 2H). 33 ESIMS ¹H NMR(300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 271 CDCl₃) δ 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.52 CDCl₃) δ171.14, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 148.35, 146.48, 1H),7.34-7.32 (m, 1H), 146.24, 136.66, 7.31 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.67 132.28,123.77, (m, 1H), 3.67-3.54 (m, 115.45, 53.57, 20.63, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H),1.89 (s, 12.57, 9.77, 9.33, 3H), 0.96 (ddd, J = 12.4, 4.45, 3.94. 7.7,4.8 Hz, 1H), 0.56 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 0.20 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H). 34ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 323 CDCl₃) δ 8.75 (s, 1H),8.37 CDCl₃) δ 176.70, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.91-7.75 (m, 145.86,142.09, 1H), 7.52 (s, 0.5H), 7.32 (s, 136.74, 119.18, 0.5H), 3.42 (s,3H), 2.99- 116.83, 115.94, 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.44 39.07, 38.17, 37.62,(m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.02 36.60, 35.47, 32.32, (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 3H),1.17 23.11, 18.71, 16.87, (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H). 12.27. 35 ESIMS ¹H NMR(301 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 337 CDCl₃) δ 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.35 CDCl₃) δ176.01, ([M + H)]⁺). (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.83 146.99, 142.17, (dt, J =9.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 136.61, 136.30, 7.45 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 119.27,119.01, 2.83-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.69 - 116.89, 47.91, 46.59, 2.60 (m, 1H),2.46 (s, 3H), 45.63, 40.80, 30.10, 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.16 (d, J = 26.52,25.98, 25.23, 7.4 Hz, 6H). 18.42, 12.73. 36 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³CNMR (76 MHz, m/z 337 CDCl₃) δ 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.33 CDCl₃) δ 176.30, ([M +H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 146.93, 146.29, 1H), 7.47 (s,0.5H), 7.28 (s, 141.89, 136.15, 0.5H), 4.21-3.98 (m, 1H), 135.01,118.99, 3.57 (dd, J = 13.3, 6.7 Hz, 118.14, 117.23, 1H), 2.85 (dq, J =23.7, 44.78, 39.11, 38.08, 13.2, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 2.47- 36.83, 35.63,18.66, 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 16.84, 12.84, 12.40. 1.96 (d, J =14.0 Hz, 3H), 1.24-1.01 (m, 6H). 37 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76MHz, m/z 351 CDCl₃) δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.36 CDCl₃) δ 175.61, ([M + H)]⁺).(s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 147.23, 142.17, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 4.16(dq, 134.79, 119.21, J = 14.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.44 136.65, 136.23, (dq, J= 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 118.84, 118.27, 2.83 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 48.07,47.85, 46.68, 2.62 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 26.41, 26.06, 18.44, 2.45 (s,3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 13.01, 12.73. 1.20 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (d, J =2.7 Hz, 6H). 38 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ¹³C NMR (76 MHz, m/z 377 CDCl₃) δ8.77 (s, 1H), 8.36 CDCl₃) δ 175.83, ([M + H)]⁺). (s, 1H), 7.91-7.74 (m,147.51, 142.19, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 3.89 (dd, 136.50, 136.19, J = 14.1,7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.38 134.60, 119.13, (dd, J = 14.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 118.94,118.23, 2.90-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.68- 56.80, 48.07, 46.86, 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.47(s, 3H), 26.50, 26.06, 18.45, 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.15 (d, J = 13.11, 8.98,4.65, 4.7 Hz, 6H), 0.93 (tdd, J = 3.78. 12.2, 6.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 0.53(dd, J = 7.8, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 0.14 (dd, J = 7.9, 3.7 Hz, 2H). 39 129-39 ESIMS ¹H NMR (300 MHz, m/z 237 CDCl₃) δ 10.68 (s, 1H), ([M + H)]⁺). 8.80(s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 2H), 2.20 (s,3H). 40 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, m/z 289 CD₃CN) δ 9.00 (d, J = 2.5 ([M +H)]⁺). Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 1.3Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 3.76 (q, J = 7.1 Hz,2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 41 ESIMS ¹H NMR (600 MHz,¹³C NMR (151 MHz, m/z 323 CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (d, J = 1.6 CDCl₃) δ 152.90,([M + H)]⁺). Hz, 1H), 8.50 (dd, J = 4.8, 148.47, 146.02, 1.5 Hz, 1H),8.06 (dt, J = 136.07, 134.08, 7.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33- 131.81, 128.79,7.27 (m, 2H), 3.89 (dq, J = 123.36, 117.66, 14.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dq,83.23, 45.32, 28.04, J = 14.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 1.44 13.03. (s, 9H), 1.22(t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).

TABLE 3 MYZUPE and BEMITA Rating Table GPA and BEMITA Rating Table %Control (or Mortality) Rating 80-100 A More than 0 - Less than 80 B NotTested C No activity noticed in this bioassay D

TABLE 4 Biological Data for MYZUPE and BEMITA MYZUPE BEMITA Compound No.% Ctrl @ 200 ppm % Ctrl @ 200 ppm 1 B B 2 B D 3 B B 4 D B 5 A A 6 B A 7B A 8 B A 9 B A 10 B A 11 B A 12 D A 13 D B 14 D D 15 B A 16 D D 17 B B18 A A 19 B A 20 B D 21 B A 22 B A 23 A A 24 B B 25 B A 26 B B 27 B A 28C C 29 C C 30 C C 31 C C 32 C C 33 C C 34 C C 35 C C 36 C C 37 C C 38 CC 39 C C 40 C C 41 B A

We claim:
 1. A process comprising applying a composition comprising amolecule according to Formula One:

wherein (a) X is N or CR8; (b) R1 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂,substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9, wherein each said R1,which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl,Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,(each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substitutedwith R9); (c) R2 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9, wherein each said R2,which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl,Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,(each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substitutedwith R9); (d) R3 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9, wherein each said R3,which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl,Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,(each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substitutedwith R9); (e) R4 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9, wherein each said R4,which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl,Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,(each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substitutedwith R9); (f) R5 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9,C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, R9S(O)_(n)R9,C₁-C₆ alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (wherein the alkyl and aryl can independently besubstituted or unsubstituted), C(═X2)R9, C(═X1)X2R9, R9X2C(═X1)R9,R9X2R9, C(═O)(C₁-C₆ alkyl)S(O)_(n)(C₁-C₆ alkyl), C(═O)(C₁-C₆alkyl)C(═O)O(C₁-C₆ alkyl), (C₁-C₆ alkyl)OC(═O)(C₆-C₂₀ aryl), (C₁-C₆alkyl)OC(═O)(C₁-C₆ alkyl), C₁-C₆ alkyl-(C₃-C₁₀ cyclohaloalkyl), or(C₁-C₆ alkenyl)C(═O)O(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or R9X2C(═X1)X2R9; wherein each saidR5, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F,Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,R9 aryl (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally besubstituted with R9) optionally R5 and R7 can be connected in a cyclicarrangement, where optionally such arrangement can have one or moreheteroatoms selected from O, S, or, N, in the cyclic structureconnecting R5 and R7; (g) R6 is O, S, NR9, or NOR9; (h) R7 issubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, OR9S(O)_(n)R9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9,R9C(═X1)OR9, R9X2C(═X1)R9X2R9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)(R9S(O)_(n)R9), N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, R9S(O)_(n)R9,C₁-C₆alkylOC(═O)C₁-C₆alkyl, OC₁-C₆ alkyl C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,C₁-C₆alkylC₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆, alkylS(═N—CN)(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylS(O)(═N—CN)(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylS(O)_(n)(C₁-C₆alkylC₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl),C₁-C₆alkylS(O)(═N—CN)(C₁-C₆ alkyl-C₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl),C₁-C₆alkylNH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆ alkyl), C₁-C₆ alkylC(═O)OC₁-C₆ alkyl,C₁-C₆alkyl(C₆-C₂₀aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkyl(S—C₁-C_(6 alkyl)NH(C(═O)OC) ₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkyl(S—C₁-C₆alkyl-C₆-C₂₀aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl), C₁-C₆alkyl(NHC(═O)OC₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀ aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkyl(OC₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀aryl)NH(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkyl), C₁-C₆alkylNH(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₆-C₂₀arylSC₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkyl-N(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)C₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀aryl), C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C₁-C₆alkyl),C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆ alkyl)(S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆ alkyl), C₁-C₆ alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆ alkenylC₆-C₂₀ aryl), C₁-C₆ alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl), C₁-C₆alkylN(C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)OC₁-C₆alkylC₆-C₂₀aryl), NH(C₁-C₆ alkylS(O)_(n)C₁-C₆alkyl), NH(C₁-C₆alkylS(O)_(n)C₆-C₂₀ aryl), C₁-C₆alkyl(S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆alkyl)(C(═O)C₁-C₆alkylS(O)_(n)(C₁-C₆ alkyl), or R9S(O)_(n)(NZ)R9,wherein each said R7, which is substituted, has one or more substituentsselected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy,C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,(each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substitutedwith R9), C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, ═X2, N(R9)₂, S(═X2)_(n)R9,R9S(O)_(n)R9, S(O)_(n)N(R9)₂; (i) R8 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂,substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl, OR9, C(═X1)R9, C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂,N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)R9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9, whereineach said R8, which is substituted, has one or more substituentsselected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy,C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl,(each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substitutedwith R9); (j) R9 (each independently) is H, CN, substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀heterocyclyl, S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆ alkyl, N(C₁-C₆alkyl)₂, wherein each said R9,which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl,Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkenyl, OC₁-C₆ alkyl, OC₁-C₆ haloalkyl, S(O)_(n)C₁-C₆alkyl,S(O)_(n)OC₁-C₆ alkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, or C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclyl; (k) R10 is H,F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl,substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆ alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl, OR9, C(═X1)R9,C(═X1)OR9, C(═X1)N(R9)₂, N(R9)₂, N(R9)C(═X1)R9, SR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, orR9S(O)_(n)R9, wherein each said R10, which is substituted, has one ormore substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl,C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyloxy,C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₁₀halocycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)_(n)OR9, or C₆-C₂₀aryl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally besubstituted with R9); (l) n is (each independently) 0, 1, or 2; (m) X1is (each independently) O or S; (n) X2 is (each independently) O, S,═NR9, or ═NOR9; and (o) Z is CN, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkyl(R9), C(═X1)N(R9)₂; toan area to control a pest, in an amount sufficient to control such pest,2. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said X is CR8.3. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R1 is H. 4.A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R2 is H.
 5. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R3 is H.
 6. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R4 is halo orunsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 7. A process according to claim 1 whereinsaid molecule said R4 is F, Cl, or unsubstituted C₁-C₂ alkyl.
 8. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R4 is Cl, orCH₃.
 9. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R5 isH, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 10. A process according toclaim 1 wherein said molecule said R5 is a substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl whichis substituted with a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl.
 11. A process according toclaim 1 wherein said molecule said R5 is H, CH₃, CH₂-cyclopropyl, orCH₂CH₃.
 12. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R6is O.
 13. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, OR9, or R9S(O)_(n)R9.
 14. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7 is asubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein said substituent is one or more halos.15. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7 is asubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein said substituent is one or more F or Clor a combination thereof.
 16. A process according to claim 1 whereinsaid molecule said R7 is a substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl wherein saidsubstituent is one or more F.
 17. A process according to claim 1 whereinsaid molecule said R7 is CH₂CF₃.
 18. A process according to claim 1wherein said molecule said R7 is a unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 19. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7 is CH(CH₃)₂,CH₃, C(CH₃)₃, or CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃.
 20. A process according to claim 1wherein said molecule said R7 is OR9.
 21. A process according to claim 1wherein said molecule said R7 is O(unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl).
 22. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7 is OC(CH₃)₃.23. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7 isR9S(O)_(n)R9.
 24. A process according to claim 1 wherein said moleculesaid R7 is (unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl)S(unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl). 25.A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R7 isCH₂CH(CH₃)SCH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₃, CH(CH₃)₂SCH₃, or CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃.
 26. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R8 is H or halo.27. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R8 is H,F, or Cl.
 28. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule saidR8 is H or F.
 29. A process according to claim 1 wherein said moleculesaid R9 is an unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 30. A process according toclaim 1 wherein said molecule said R10 is H or unsubstituted C₁-C₆alkyl.
 31. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule said R10is H or CH₃.
 32. A process according to claim 1 wherein said moleculesaid n is
 0. 33. A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule isselected from Compound No. Structure  1

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34. A process according to claim 1 further comprising: (a) one or morecompounds having acaricidal, algicidal, avicidal, bactericidal,fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal,rodenticidal, or virucidal properties; or (b) one or more compounds thatare antifeedants, bird repellents, chemosterilants, herbicide safeners,insect attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, matingdisrupters, plant activators, plant growth regulators, or synergists; or(c) both (a) and (b).
 35. A process according to claim 1 wherein furthercomprising one or more compounds selected from: (3-ethoxypropyl)mercurybromide, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, 1-methylcyclopropene,1-naphthol, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA,2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6-TBA-potassium,2,3,6-TBA-sodium, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-T-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-T-2-ethylhexyl,2,4,5-T-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4,5-T-butometyl, 2,4,5-T-butotyl,2,4,5-T-butyl, 2,4,5-T-isobutyl, 2,4,5-T-isoctyl, 2,4,5-T-isopropyl,2,4,5-T-methyl, 2,4,5-T-pentyl, 2,4,5-T-sodium,2,4,5-T-triethylammonium, 2,4,5-T-trolamine, 2,4-D,2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl,2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium,2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, 2,4-DB-sodium, 2,4-D-butotyl,2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium,2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-D-ethyl,2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isoctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl,2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4-D-methyl,2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-potassium, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium,2,4-D-tefuryl, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium,2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2iP,2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP,4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPA-potassium, 4-CPA-sodium, 4-CPB, 4-CPP,4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate,8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline, abamectin, abscisic acid, ACC, acephate,acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, acetophos, acetoprole,acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl,acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, acrep, acrinathrin, acrolein,acrylonitrile, acypetacs, acypetacs-copper, acypetacs-zinc, alachlor,alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb, aldimorph, aldoxycarb, aldrin,allethrin, allicin, allidochlor, allosamidin, alloxydim,alloxydim-sodium, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alpha-cypermethrin,alpha-endosulfan, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin,amicarbazone, amicarthiazol, amidithion, amidoflumet, amidosulfuron,aminocarb, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl,aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-potassium,aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, amiprofos-methyl,amiprophos, amisulbrom, amiton, amiton oxalate, amitraz, amitrole,ammonium sulfamate, ammonium α-naphthaleneacetate, amobam, ampropylfos,anabasine, ancymidol, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, anthraquinone,antu, apholate, aramite, arsenous oxide, asomate, aspirin, asulam,asulam-potassium, asulam-sodium, athidathion, atraton, atrazine,aureofungin, aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, azaconazole,azadirachtin, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl,azinphos-methyl, aziprotryne, azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin,azothoate, azoxystrobin, bachmedesh, barban, barium hexafluorosilicate,barium polysulfide, barthrin, BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl,benalaxyl-M, benazolin, benazolin-dimethylammonium, benazolin-ethyl,benazolin-potassium, bencarbazone, benclothiaz, bendiocarb, benfluralin,benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, benoxacor, benoxafos,benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bensultap,bentaluron, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, benthiavalicarb,benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benthiazole, bentranil, benzadox,benzadox-ammonium, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril,benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, benzfendizone, benzipram,benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid,benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzoylprop-ethyl, benzthiazuron, benzylbenzoate, benzyladenine, berberine, berberine chloride, beta-cyfluthrin,beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, bicyclopyrone, bifenazate, bifenox,bifenthrin, bifujunzhi, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, binapacryl,bingqingxiao, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin,bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bisazir, bismerthiazol, bispyribac,bispyribac-sodium, bistrifluron, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen,blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid,brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, brevicomin, brodifacoum,brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromacil, bromacil-lithium,bromacil-sodium, bromadiolone, bromethalin, bromethrin, bromfenvinfos,bromoacetamide, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT,bromofenoxim, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromothalonil,bromoxynil, bromoxynil butyrate, bromoxynil heptanoate, bromoxyniloctanoate, bromoxynil-potassium, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bronopol,bucarpolate, bufencarb, buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundymixture, busulfan, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos,butathiofos, butenachlor, butethrin, buthidazole, buthiobate, buthiuron,butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim, butralin,butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, cacodylic acid, cadusafos,cafenstrole, calcium arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide,calcium polysulfide, calvinphos, cambendichlor, camphechlor, camphor,captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbasulam,carbendazim, carbendazim benzenesulfonate, carbendazim sulfite,carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride,carbophenothion, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxide, carboxin,carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, carpropamid, cartap, cartaphydrochloride, carvacrol, carvone, CDEA, cellocidin, CEPC, ceralure,Cheshunt mixture, chinomethionat, chitosan, chlobenthiazone,chlomethoxyfen, chloralose, chloramben, chloramben-ammonium,chloramben-diolamine, chloramben-methyl, chloramben-methylammonium,chloramben-sodium, chloramine phosphorus, chloramphenicol,chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl, chlorantraniliprole,chlorazifop, chlorazifop-propargyl, chlorazine, chlorbenside,chlorbenzuron, chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane,chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride,chlorempenthrin, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac,chlorfenac-ammonium, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole,chlorfenethol, chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide,chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorfluren,chlorfluren-methyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon,chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormephos, chlormequat, chlormequatchloride, chlornidine, chlornitrofen, chlorobenzilate,chlorodinitronaphthalenes, chloroform, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron,chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chlorophacinone-sodium, chloropicrin,chloropon, chloropropylate, chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron,chloroxynil, chlorphonium, chlorphonium chloride, chlorphoxim,chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos,chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal,chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos,chlozolinate, choline chloride, chromafenozide, cinerin I, cinerin II,cinerins, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, ciobutide,cisanilide, cismethrin, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop,clodinafop-propargyl, cloethocarb, clofencet, clofencet-potassium,clofentezine, clofibric acid, clofop, clofop-isobutyl, clomazone,clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, clopyralid-methyl,clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium,clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, cloquintocet,cloquintocet-mexyl, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, closantel,clothianidin, clotrimazole, cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-sodium, CMA,codlelure, colophonate, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copperarsenate, copper carbonate, basic, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate,copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate,copper zinc chromate, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumaphos, coumatetralyl,coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, CPMC, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol,crimidine, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, crufomate, cryolite, cue-lure,cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, curcumenol, cyanamide,cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate,cyantraniliprole, cyazofamid, cybutryne, cyclafuramid, cyclanilide,cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprate, cycloprothrin,cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyenopyrafen, cyflufenamid,cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalothrin,cyhexatin, cymiazole, cymiazole hydrochloride, cymoxanil, cyometrinil,cypendazole, cypermethrin, cyperquat, cyperquat chloride, cyphenothrin,cyprazine, cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid,cyprosulfamide, cyromazine, cythioate, daimuron, dalapon,dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, daminozide,dayoutong, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, DBCP, d-camphor, DCIP, DCPTA, DDT,debacarb, decafentin, decarbofuran, dehydroacetic acid, delachlor,deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton,demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S,demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, desmedipham, desmetryn,d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron, dialifos, di-allate, diamidafos,diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate,dicamba, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium,dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl,dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba-trolamine,dicapthon, dichlobenil, dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone,dichloralurea, dichlorbenzuron, dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl,dichlormate, dichlormid, dichlorophen, dichlorprop,dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl,dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-ethylammonium,dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P,dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium,dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorvos, dichlozoline,diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclomezine,diclomezine-sodium, dicloran, diclosulam, dicofol, dicoumarol, dicresyl,dicrotophos, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, dienochlor, diethamquat,diethamquat dichloride, diethatyl, diethatyl-ethyl, diethofencarb,dietholate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, diethyltoluamide, difenacoum,difenoconazole, difenopenten, difenopenten-ethyl, difenoxuron,difenzoquat, difenzoquat metilsulfate, difethialone, diflovidazin,diflubenzuron, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium,diflumetorim, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, dilor, dimatif, dimefluthrin,dimefox, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimetachlone, dimetan, dimethacarb,dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin,dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethyl carbate,dimethyl phthalate, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dimexano, dimidazon,dimoxystrobin, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dingjunezuo, diniconazole,diniconazole-M, dinitramine, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6,dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinosebacetate, dinoseb-ammonium, dinoseb-diolamine, dinoseb-sodium,dinoseb-trolamine, dinosulfon, dinotefuran, dinoterb, dinoterb acetate,dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion,diphacinone, diphacinone-sodium, diphenamid, diphenyl sulfone,diphenylamine, dipropalin, dipropetryn, dipyrithione, diquat, diquatdibromide, disparlure, disul, disulfiram, disulfoton, disul-sodium,ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithioether, dithiopyr, diuron,d-limonene, DMPA, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium,dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodemorph benzoate, dodicin, dodicinhydrochloride, dodicin-sodium, dodine, dofenapyn, dominicalure,doramectin, drazoxolon, DSMA, dufulin, EBEP, EBP, ecdysterone,edifenphos, eglinazine, eglinazine-ethyl, emamectin, emamectin benzoate,EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal, endothal-diammonium,endothal-dipotassium, endothal-disodium, endothion, endrin,enestroburin, EPN, epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole,eprinomectin, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, ergocalciferol, erlujixiancaoan,esdépalléthrine, esfenvalerate, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole,etaphos, etem, ethaboxam, ethachlor, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron,ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethaprochlor, ethephon, ethidimuron,ethiofencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole, ethirimol,ethoate-methyl, ethofumesate, ethohexadiol, ethoprophos, ethoxyfen,ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethychlozate, ethylformate, ethyl α-naphthaleneacetate, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylenedibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylicin, ethylmercury2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercurybromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, etinofen,etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos,eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenamiphos,fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole,fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenchlorphos,fenclorim, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan,fenitrothion, fenjuntong, fenobucarb, fenoprop, fenoprop-3-butoxypropyl,fenoprop-butometyl, fenoprop-butotyl, fenoprop-butyl, fenoprop-isoctyl,fenoprop-methyl, fenoprop-potassium, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim,fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P,fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil,fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine,fenpyroximate, fenridazon, fenridazon-potassium, fenridazon-propyl,fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthiaprop-ethyl,fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride,fentin hydroxide, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenuron TCA,fenvalerate, ferbam, ferimzone, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop,flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-M, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl,flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, flocoumafen, flometoquin, flonicamid,florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl,fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazinam, fluazolate, fluazuron,flubendiamide, flubenzimine, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium,flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate,fludioxonil, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet, flufenerim,flufenican, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl,flufiprole, flumethrin, flumetover, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumezin,flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph,fluometuron, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoridamid,fluoroacetamide, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl,fluoroimide, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole,fluoxastrobin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine, flupropanate,flupropanate-sodium, flupyradifurone, flupyrsulfuron,flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluquinconazole,flurazole, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, fluridone,flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl,flurprimidol, flursulamid, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide,fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol,fluvalinate, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim, folpet, fomesafen,fomesafen-sodium, fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde,formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formothion, formparanate,formparanate hydrochloride, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, fosetyl,fosetyl-aluminium, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan,frontalin, fuberidazole, fucaojing, fucaomi, funaihecaoling,fuphenthiourea, furalane, furalaxyl, furamethrin, furametpyr,furathiocarb, furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin,furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox, furophanate, furyloxyfen,gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, genit, gibberellic acid, gibberellins,gliftor, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P,glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyodin, glyoxime,glyphosate, glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-dimethylammonium,glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-monoammonium,glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sesquisodium, glyphosate-trimesium,glyphosine, gossyplure, grandlure, griseofulvin, guazatine, guazatineacetates, halacrinate, halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen,halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxydine, haloxyfop,haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl,haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-sodium, HCH, hemel, hempa, HEOD,heptachlor, heptenophos, heptopargil, heterophos, hexachloroacetone,hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole,hexaflumuron, hexaflurate, hexalure, hexamide, hexazinone, hexylthiofos,hexythiazox, HHDN, holosulf, huancaiwo, huangcaoling, huanjunzuo,hydramethylnon, hydrargaphen, hydrated lime, hydrogen cyanide,hydroprene, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, icaridin, imazalil,imazalil nitrate, imazalil sulfate, imazamethabenz,imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic,imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin,imazaquin-ammonium, imazaquin-methyl, imazaquin-sodium, imazethapyr,imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos,imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate,iminoctadine trialbesilate, imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan,indaziflam, indoxacarb, inezin, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodomethane,iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium,iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate,ioxynil-lithium, ioxynil-sodium, ipazine, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone,iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprymidam, ipsdienol, ipsenol,IPSP, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocarbophos,isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isolan, isomethiozin,isonoruron, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isopropalin, isoprothiolane,isoproturon, isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil, isouron,isovaledione, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl,isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, isoxathion, ivermectin, izopamfos,japonilure, japothrins, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jasmonic acid,jiahuangchongzong, jiajizengxiaolin, jiaxiangjunzhi, jiecaowan,jiecaoxi, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenilehormone III, kadethrin, karbutilate, karetazan, karetazan-potassium,kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride, kejunlin, kelevan, ketospiradox,ketospiradox-potassium, kinetin, kinoprene, kresoxim-methyl, kuicaoxi,lactofen, lambda-cyhalothrin, latilure, lead arsenate, lenacil,lepimectin, leptophos, lindane, lineatin, linuron, lirimfos, litlure,looplure, lufenuron, lvdingjunzhi, lvxiancaolin, lythidathion, MAA,malathion, maleic hydrazide, malonoben, maltodextrin, MAMA, mancopper,mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, matrine, mazidox, MCPA,MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium,MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl,MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-thioethyl,MCPA-trolamine, MCPB, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mebenil,mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl,mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl,mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl,mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-potassium,mecoprop-P-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, medimeform,medinoterb, medinoterb acetate, medlure, mefenacet, mefenpyr,mefenpyr-diethyl, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine,mefluidide-potassium, megatomoic acid, menazon, mepanipyrim,meperfluthrin, mephenate, mephosfolan, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride,mepiquat pentaborate, mepronil, meptyldinocap, mercuric chloride,mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, merphos, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron,mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, metaflumizone,metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, metam, metam-ammonium, metamifop,metamitron, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metazachlor, metazosulfuron,metazoxolon, metconazole, metepa, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron,methacrifos, methalpropalin, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, methazole,methfuroxam, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb,methiopyrisulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin, methiuron, methocrotophos,methometon, methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryne, methoquin-butyl,methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methoxyphenone, methylapholate, methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl iodide, methylisothiocyanate, methylacetophos, methylchloroform, methyldymron,methylene chloride, methylmercury benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide,methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide, methylneodecanamide, metiram,metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, metolachlor, metolcarb,metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone,metribuzin, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mevinphos,mexacarbate, mieshuan, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, milneb, mipafox,mirex, MNAF, moguchun, molinate, molosultap, monalide, monisouron,monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron, monosulfuron,monosulfuron-ester, monuron, monuron TCA, morfamquat, morfamquatdichloride, moroxydine, moroxydine hydrochloride, morphothion, morzid,moxidectin, MSMA, muscalure, myclobutanil, myclozolin,N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, nabam, naftalofos, naled,naphthalene, naphthaleneacetamide, naphthalic anhydride, naphthoxyaceticacids, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, naptalam-sodium, natamycin,neburon, niclosamide, niclosamide-olamine, nicosulfuron, nicotine,nifluridide, nipyraclofen, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin,nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl,norbormide, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron,nuarimol, OCH, octachlorodipropyl ether, octhilinone, ofurace,omethoate, orbencarb, orfralure, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron,oryctalure, orysastrobin, oryzalin, osthol, ostramone, oxabetrinil,oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamate, oxamyl, oxapyrazon,oxapyrazon-dimolamine, oxapyrazon-sodium, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone,oxine-copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate,oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen,oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride,paclobutrazol, paichongding, para-dichlorobenzene, parafluron, paraquat,paraquat dichloride, paraquat dimetilsulfate, parathion,parathion-methyl, parinol, pebulate, pefurazoate, pelargonic acid,penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penflufen, penfluron,penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentmethrin,pentoxazone, perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, phenamacril, phenazineoxide, phenisopham, phenkapton, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl,phenobenzuron, phenothrin, phenproxide, phenthoate, phenylmercuriurea,phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivativeof pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate,phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl,phosglycin, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphocarb,phosphorus, phostin, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide, picloram,picloram-2-ethylhexyl, picloram-isoctyl, picloram-methyl,picloram-olamine, picloram-potassium, picloram-triethylammonium,picloram-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, picolinafen, picoxystrobin,pindone, pindone-sodium, pinoxaden, piperalin, piperonyl butoxide,piperonyl cyclonene, piperophos, piproctanyl, piproctanyl bromide,piprotal, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl,pirimiphos-methyl, plifenate, polycarbamate, polyoxins, polyoxorim,polyoxorim-zinc, polythialan, potassium arsenite, potassium azide,potassium cyanate, potassium gibberellate, potassium naphthenate,potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, potassiumα-naphthaleneacetate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II,precocene III, pretilachlor, primidophos, primisulfuron,primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-manganese,proclonol, procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, profenofos, profluazol,profluralin, profluthrin, profoxydim, proglinazine, proglinazine-ethyl,prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmon, promacyl, promecarb,prometon, prometryn, promurit, propachlor, propamidine, propamidinedihydrochloride, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propanil,propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, proparthrin, propazine,propetamphos, propham, propiconazole, propineb, propisochlor, propoxur,propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyl isome,propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid, prosuler, prosulfalin,prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothiocarbhydrochloride, prothioconazole, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute,proxan, proxan-sodium, prynachlor, pydanon, pymetrozine, pyracarbolid,pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl,pyrafluprole, pyramat, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrasulfotole,pyrazolynate, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl,pyrazothion, pyrazoxyfen, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II,pyrethrins, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribencarb,pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridaben, pyridafol, pyridalyl,pyridaphenthion, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon,pyriftalid, pyrimethanil, pyrimidifen, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl,pyrimisulfan, pyrimitate, pyrinuron, pyriofenone, pyriprole,pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyrolan,pyroquilon, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quassia,quinacetol, quinacetol sulfate, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl,quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, quinoclamine,quinonamid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop,quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl,quizalofop-P-tefuryl, quwenzhi, quyingding, rabenzazole, rafoxanide,rebemide, resmethrin, rhodethanil, rhodojaponin-III, ribavirin,rimsulfuron, rotenone, ryania, saflufenacil, saijunmao, saisentong,salicylanilide, sanguinarine, santonin, schradan, scilliroside,sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sedaxane, selamectin, semiamitraz,semiamitraz chloride, sesamex, sesamolin, sethoxydim, shuangjiaancaolin,siduron, siglure, silafluofen, silatrane, silica gel, silthiofam,simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, sintofen, SMA, S-metolachlor,sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium fluoride, sodiumfluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium naphthenate, sodiumorthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide,sodium thiocyanate, sodium α-naphthaleneacetate, sophamide, spinetoram,spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiroxamine,streptomycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, strychnine, sulcatol,sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone,sulfiram, sulfluramid, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron,sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuric acid,sulfuryl fluoride, sulglycapin, sulprofos, sultropen, swep,tau-fluvalinate, tavron, tazimcarb, TCA, TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium,TCA-ethadyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide,tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron,tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin,tefuryltrione, tembotrione, temephos, tepa, TEPP, tepraloxydim,terallethrin, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton,terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetcyclacis, tetrachloroethane,tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetrafluron, tetramethrin,tetramethylfluthrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetrasul, thallium sulfate,thenylchlor, theta-cypermethrin, thiabendazole, thiacloprid,thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiazafluron, thiazopyr,thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone,thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl,thifluzamide, thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiocyclam,thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiocyclam oxalate, thiodiazole-copper,thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiofluoximate, thiohempa, thiomersal, thiometon,thionazin, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox,thiosemicarbazide, thiosultap, thiosultap-diammonium,thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, thiotepa, thiram,thuringiensin, tiadinil, tiaojiean, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tioxymid,tirpate, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolylfluanid, tolylmercuryacetate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin, tralomethrin,tralopyril, transfluthrin, transpermethrin, tretamine, triacontanol,triadimefon, triadimenol, triafamone, tri-allate, triamiphos,triapenthenol, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron, triazamate,triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazoxide, tribenuron,tribenuron-methyl, tribufos, tributyltin oxide, tricamba, trichlamide,trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, triclopyr,triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium,tricyclazole, tridemorph, tridiphane, trietazine, trifenmorph,trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium,triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron,triflusulfuron-methyl, trifop, trifop-methyl, trifopsime, triforine,trihydroxytriazine, trimedlure, trimethacarb, trimeturon, trinexapac,trinexapac-ethyl, triprene, tripropindan, triptolide, tritac,triticonazole, tritosulfuron, trunc-call, uniconazole, uniconazole-P,urbacide, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, valifenalate, valone,vamidothion, vangard, vaniliprole, vemolate, vinclozolin, warfarin,warfarin-potassium, warfarin-sodium, xiaochongliulin, xinjunan,xiwojunan, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols, xylylcarb, yishijing, zarilamid,zeatin, zengxiaoan, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc naphthenate, zinc phosphide,zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, zolaprofos, zoxamide, zuomihuanglong,α-chlorohydrin, α-ecdysone, α-multistriatin, and α-naphthaleneaceticacid.
 36. A process according to claim 1 further comprising anagriculturally acceptable carrier.
 37. A process according to claim 1wherein said molecule is in the form of a pesticidally acceptable acidaddition salt.
 38. A process according to claim 1 wherein said moleculeis in the form of a salt derivative.
 39. A process according to claim 1wherein said molecule is in the form a hydrate.
 40. A process accordingto claim 1 wherein said molecule is in the form an ester derivative. 41.A process according to claim 1 wherein said molecule is in the form acrystal polymorph.
 42. A process according to claim 1 wherein saidmolecule has a ²H in place of ¹H.
 43. A process according to claim 1wherein said molecule has a ¹⁴C in place of a ¹²C.
 44. A processaccording to claim 1 further comprising a biopesticide.
 45. A processaccording to claim 1 further comprising one or more of the followingcompounds: (a)3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4,5]dec-3-en-2-one;(b)3-(4′-chloro-2,4-dimethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4,5]dec-3-en-2-one;(c) 4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]methylamino]-2(5H)-furanone; (d)4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]cyclopropylamino]-2(5H)-furanone; (e)3-chloro-N2-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-N1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarboxamide;(f) 2-cyano-N-ethyl-4-fluoro-3-methoxy-benenesulfonamide; (g)2-cyano-N-ethyl-3-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide; (h)2-cyano-3-difluoromethoxy-N-ethyl-4-fluoro-benzenesulfonamide; (i)2-cyano-3-fluoromethoxy-N-ethyl-benzenesulfonamide; (j)2-cyano-6-fluoro-3-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-benzenesulfonamide; (k)2-cyano-N-ethyl-6-fluoro-3-methoxy-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; (l)2-cyano-3-difluoromethoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfon-amide; (m)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;(n)N-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpropionamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone; (o)N-ethyl-2,2-dichloro-1-methylcyclopropane-carboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone nicotine; (p)O-{(E+[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-cyano-1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-vinyl]}S-methylthiocarbonate; (q)(E)-N1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)]-N2-cyano-N1-methylacetamidine;(r)1-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;(s) 4-[4-chlorophenyl-(2-butylidine-hydrazono)methyl)]phenyl mesylate;and (t)N-Ethyl-2,2-dichloro-1-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone.46. A process according to claim 1 further comprising a compound havingone or more of the following modes of action: acetylcholinesteraseinhibitor; sodium channel modulator; chitin biosynthesis inhibitor; GABAand glutamate-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABA andglutamate-gated chloride channel agonist; acetylcholine receptoragonist; acetylcholine receptor antagonist; MET I inhibitor;Mg-stimulated ATPase inhibitor; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Midgutmembrane disrupter; oxidative phosphorylation disrupter, and ryanodinereceptor (RyRs).
 47. A process according to claim 1 further comprising aseed.
 48. A process according to claim 1 further comprising a seed thathas been genetically modified to express one or more specialized traits.49. A process according to claim 1 wherein said composition isencapsulated inside, or placed on the surface of, a capsule.
 50. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said composition is encapsulatedinside, or placed on the surface of, a capsule, wherein said capsule hasa diameter of about 100-900 nanometers or about 10-900 microns.
 51. Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein said pest is selected from beetles,earwigs, cockroaches, flies, aphids, scales, whiteflies, leafhoppers,ants, wasps, termites, moths, butterflies, lice, grasshoppers, locusts,crickets, fleas, thrips, bristletails, mites, ticks, nematodes, andsymphylans.
 52. A process according to claim 1 wherein said pest is fromthe Phyla Nematoda or Arthropoda.
 53. A process according to claim 1wherein said pest is from the Subphyla Chelicerata, Myriapoda, orHexapoda.
 54. A process according to claim 1 wherein said pest is fromthe Class of Arachnida, Symphyla, or Insecta.
 55. A process according toclaim 1 wherein said pest is from the Order Anoplura, Order Coleoptera,Order Dermaptera, Order Blattaria, Order Diptera, Order Hemiptera, OrderHymenoptera, Order Isoptera, Order Lepidoptera, Order Mallophaga, OrderOrthoptera, Order Siphonaptera, Order Thysanoptera, Order Thysanura,Order Acarina, or Order Symphyla.
 56. A process according to claim 1wherein said pest is MYZUPE or BEMITA.
 57. A process according to claim1 wherein said amount is from about 0.01 grams per hectare to about 5000grams per hectare.
 58. A process according to claim 1 wherein saidamount is from about 0.1 grams per hectare to about 500 grams perhectare.
 59. A process according to claim 1 wherein said amount is fromabout 1 gram per hectare to about 50 grams per hectare.
 60. A processaccording to claim 1 wherein said area is an area where apples, corn,cotton, soybeans, canola, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, oats, potatoes,oranges, alfalfa, lettuce, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, crucifers,pears, tobacco, almonds, sugar beets, or beans, are growing, or theseeds thereof are going to be planted.
 61. A process according to claim1 further comprising applying said composition to a genetically modifiedplant that has been genetically modified to express one or morespecialized traits.
 62. A process according to claim 1 where saidcomposition further comprises ammonium sulfate.